קֹ֚ול עַל־שְׁפָיִ֣ים נִשְׁמָ֔ע בְּכִ֥י תַחֲנוּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּ֤י הֶעֱוּוּ֙ אֶת־דַּרְכָּ֔ם שָׁכְח֖וּ אֶת־יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃
A voice on the heights is heard, weeping, supplications of the sons of Yisraʾel, for they have perverted their way, they have forgotten YHWH their God.
Morphology
- קֹול (qol) – Root: קול; Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “voice”; Notes: Subject of the passive verb נִשְׁמָע.
- עַל־שְׁפָיִם (ʿal-shefayim) – Root: שפה; Form: Preposition עַל + noun masculine plural; Translation: “on the heights”; Notes: Refers to elevated places, often associated with lament or worship.
- נִשְׁמָע (nishmaʿ) – Root: שמע; Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “is heard”; Notes: Passive voice indicating the sound is being received or perceived.
- בְּכִי (bekhi) – Root: בכה; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “weeping”; Notes: Object or content of the heard voice.
- תַחֲנוּנֵי (taḥanunei) – Root: חנן; Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “supplications of”; Notes: Connected construct to בְּנֵי.
- בְּנֵי (bene) – Root: בן; Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “sons of”; Notes: In construct with יִשְׂרָאֵל.
- יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the people of Yisraʾel collectively.
- כִּי (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces a causal explanation.
- הֶעֱוּוּ (heʿevu) – Root: עוה; Form: Hifil perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they have perverted”; Notes: Indicates intentional moral or spiritual deviation.
- אֶת־דַּרְכָּם (ʾet-darkam) – Root: דרך; Form: Noun feminine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “their way”; Notes: Accusative object of the verb הֶעֱוּוּ.
- שָׁכְחוּ (shakḥu) – Root: שכח; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they have forgotten”; Notes: Refers to covenantal neglect.
- אֶת־יְהוָה (ʾet-YHWH) – Root: יהוה; Form: Proper noun with accusative marker; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Direct object of the verb שָׁכְחוּ.
- אֱלֹהֵיהֶם (ʾeloheihem) – Root: אלה; Form: Noun masculine plural construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “their God”; Notes: In construct with יְהוָה, emphasizing covenant relationship.