וַיְהִ֣י בַשָּׁנָ֣ה הַ֠חֲמִשִׁית לִיהֹויָקִ֨ים בֶּן־יֹאשִׁיָּ֤הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָה֙ בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַתְּשִׁעִ֔י קָרְא֨וּ צֹ֜ום לִפְנֵ֧י יְהוָ֛ה כָּל־הָעָ֖ם בִּירֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְכָל־הָעָ֗ם הַבָּאִ֛ים מֵעָרֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃
And it came to pass in the fifth year of Yehoyaqim son of Yoshiyahu, king of Yehuda, in the ninth month, they proclaimed a fast before YHWH for all the people in Yerushalayim, and for all the people who came from the cities of Yehuda to Yerushalayim.
Morphology
- וַיְהִי (va-yehi) – Root: היה; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And it came to pass”; Notes: Common narrative introduction formula.
- בַשָּׁנָה (ba-shanah) – Root: שׁנה; Form: Preposition + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “in the year”; Notes: Temporal prepositional phrase.
- הַחֲמִשִׁית (ha-ḥamishit) – Root: חמשׁ; Form: Definite ordinal adjective feminine singular; Translation: “the fifth”; Notes: Modifies “year.”
- לִיהֹויָקִים (li-Yehoyaqim) – Root: יהו + קום; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “of Yehoyaqim”; Notes: Indicates reign context.
- בֶּן־יֹאשִׁיָּהוּ (ben-Yoshiyahu) – Root: בן + אשׁה; Form: Construct noun + proper noun; Translation: “son of Yoshiyahu”; Notes: Royal lineage identification.
- מֶלֶךְ־יְהוּדָה (melekh-Yehudah) – Root: מלך + יהד; Form: Noun masculine singular + proper noun; Translation: “king of Yehudah”; Notes: Royal title and domain.
- בַּחֹדֶשׁ (ba-ḥodesh) – Root: חדשׁ; Form: Preposition + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the month”; Notes: Sets the time more precisely.
- הַתְּשִׁעִי (ha-teshiʿi) – Root: תשׁע; Form: Definite ordinal adjective masculine singular; Translation: “the ninth”; Notes: Modifies “month.”
- קָרְאוּ (qareʾu) – Root: קרא; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they proclaimed”; Notes: Refers to the announcement of a fast.
- צֹום (tsom) – Root: צום; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “a fast”; Notes: Religious act of abstaining from food.
- לִפְנֵי (lifnei) – Root: פן; Form: Preposition + construct; Translation: “before”; Notes: Indicates sacred directionality toward YHWH.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Recipient of the fast.
- כָּל־הָעָם (kol-ha-ʿam) – Root: כל + עם; Form: Construct noun “all” + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “all the people”; Notes: General audience of the fast in Yerushalayim.
- בִּירוּשָׁלִָם (bi-Yerushalayim) – Root: Uncertain; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “in Yerushalayim”; Notes: Location of primary event.
- וְכָל־הָעָם (ve-kol-ha-ʿam) – Root: כל + עם; Form: Conjunction + construct noun “all” + definite noun; Translation: “and all the people”; Notes: Secondary group mentioned.
- הַבָּאִים (ha-baʾim) – Root: בוא; Form: Definite article + Qal participle masculine plural; Translation: “who were coming”; Notes: Describes the second group arriving to the city.
- מֵעָרֵיהֶם (me-ʿareihem) – Root: עיר; Form: Preposition + plural construct noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “from their cities”; Notes: Cities throughout Yehudah.
- בִּירוּשָׁלָם (bi-Yerushalayim) – Root: Uncertain; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “to Yerushalayim”; Notes: Destination of those arriving for the fast.