וּמִן־אָז חָדַלְנוּ לְקַטֵּר לִמְלֶכֶת הַשָּׁמַיִם וְהַסֵּךְ־לָהּ נְסָכִים חָסַרְנוּ כֹל וּבַחֶרֶב וּבָרָעָב תָּמְנוּ׃
And from then we ceased to burn incense to the Queen of Heaven and to pour out libations to her, we lacked everything, and by the sword and by the famine we perished.”
Morphology
- וּמִן־אָז (u-min-ʾaz) – Root: אז (ʾaz); Form: Conjunction + preposition + adverb; Translation: “and from then”; Notes: Refers to the turning point in time.
- חָדַלְנוּ (ḥadalnu) – Root: חדל (ḥadal); Form: Qal perfect 1st person plural; Translation: “we ceased”; Notes: Stopped a previous practice.
- לְקַטֵּר (le-qatter) – Root: קטר (qatar); Form: Piel infinitive construct; Translation: “to burn incense”; Notes: Refers to cultic ritual.
- לִמְלֶכֶת (li-melekhet) – Root: מלך (melek); Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “to the Queen of”; Notes: Title of a goddess.
- הַשָּׁמַיִם (ha-shamayim) – Root: שׁמים (shamayim); Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the heavens”; Notes: Epithet of the goddess.
- וְהַסֵּךְ־ (ve-ha-sekh) – Root: נסך (nasakh); Form: Conjunction + Hifil infinitive construct; Translation: “and to pour out”; Notes: Refers to drink offerings.
- לָהּ (lah) – Root: הוא; Form: Preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “to her”; Notes: Recipient of the libations.
- נְסָכִים (nesakhim) – Root: נסך (nesekh); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “libations”; Notes: Drink offerings in worship.
- חָסַרְנוּ (ḥasarenu) – Root: חסר (ḥasar); Form: Qal perfect 1st person plural; Translation: “we lacked”; Notes: Experienced deficiency.
- כֹל (kol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “everything”; Notes: Totality of necessities.
- וּבַחֶרֶב (u-va-ḥerev) – Root: חרב (ḥerev); Form: Conjunction + preposition + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “and by the sword”; Notes: War as cause of death.
- וּבָרָעָב (u-va-raʿav) – Root: רעב (raʿav); Form: Conjunction + preposition + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “and by the famine”; Notes: Hunger as cause of death.
- תָּמְנוּ (tamnu) – Root: תמם (tamam); Form: Qal perfect 1st person plural; Translation: “we perished”; Notes: Conveys completion of destruction.