הֹבִ֥ישׁ מֹואָ֛ב כִּֽי־חַ֖תָּה הילילי ׀ וזעקי הַגִּ֣ידוּ בְאַרְנֹ֔ון כִּ֥י שֻׁדַּ֖ד מֹואָֽב׃
* כ הֵילִ֣יליּ ׀ וּֽזְעָ֑קיּ
* ק הֵלִילוּ ׀ וּזְעָ֖קוּ
הֹבִ֥ישׁ מֹואָ֛ב כִּֽי־חַ֖תָּה הֵלִילוּ ׀ וּזְעָ֖קוּ הַגִּ֣ידוּ בְאַרְנֹ֔ון כִּ֥י שֻׁדַּ֖ד מֹואָֽב׃
Moʾav is put to shame, for she is shattered; howl, and cry out, declare in ʾArnōn, for Moʾav is devastated.
Morphology
- הֹבִישׁ (hōvish) – Root: בושׁ; Form: Hifil perfect 3rd masculine singular; Translation: “is ashamed/has been put to shame”; Notes: Hifil often causative (“cause to be ashamed”), here with a resultative-stative nuance predicating Moʾav’s disgrace.
- מֹואָב (Moʾav) – Root: —; Form: Proper noun (people/land); Translation: “Moʾav”; Notes: Nation east of the Yarden; treated as a collective entity in this oracle.
- כִּי־ (ki-) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction with maqaf; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces the reason for Moʾav’s shame.
- חַתָּה (ḥattāh) – Root: חתת; Form: Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular; Translation: “she is shattered/terrified”; Notes: Feminine agreement likely with the personified city/land (understood feminine), explaining the cause of shame.
- הֵלִילוּ (heilīlū) – Root: ילל; Form: Hifil imperative 2nd masculine plural; Translation: “Howl!” / “Wail!”; Notes: Plural command to the populace; Hifil imperative marked by final ־וּ.
- וּזְעָקוּ (u-zeʿāqū) – Root: זעק; Form: Conjunction וּ + Qal imperative 2nd masculine plural; Translation: “and cry out!”; Notes: Parallel plural imperative intensifying the communal lament.
- הַגִּידוּ (haggīdū) – Root: נגד; Form: Hifil imperative 2nd masculine plural; Translation: “declare!”; Notes: Command to proclaim the news; gemination from the Hifil of נגד visible in גִּ.
- בְאַרְנֹון (be-ʾArnōn) – Root: —; Form: Preposition בְ + proper noun; Translation: “in ʾArnōn”; Notes: Refers to the Arnon gorge/region; locative phrase marking where the proclamation is to be made.
- כִּי (ki) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces the content/reason of the proclamation.
- שֻׁדַּד (shuddad) – Root: שׁדד; Form: Pual perfect 3rd masculine singular; Translation: “has been plundered/devastated”; Notes: Pual passive emphasizes the state resulting from violent despoiling.
- מֹואָב (Moʾav) – Root: —; Form: Proper noun (people/land); Translation: “Moʾav”; Notes: Repetition frames the verse: shame announced at the start, devastation affirmed at the end.