כְּֽמַהְפֵּכַ֞ת סְדֹ֧ם וַעֲמֹרָ֛ה וּשְׁכֵנֶ֖יהָ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה לֹֽא־יֵשֵׁ֥ב שָׁם֙ אִ֔ישׁ וְלֹֽא־יָג֥וּר בָּ֖הּ בֶּן־אָדָֽם׃
As the overthrow of Sedom and ʿAmora and her neighbors,” says YHWH, “no man shall dwell there, and no son of man shall sojourn in her.
Morphology
- כְּמַהְפֵּכַת (ke-mahpékhat) – Root: הפך; Form: Preposition כְּ + feminine singular noun in construct; Translation: “as the overthrow of”; Notes: Introduces comparison with the destruction of Sedom and ʿAmorah.
- סְדֹם (Sedom) – Root: סדם; Form: Proper noun, feminine singular; Translation: “Sedom”; Notes: One of the infamous cities destroyed for wickedness.
- וַעֲמֹרָה (va-ʿAmorah) – Root: עמר; Form: Proper noun, feminine singular with conjunction; Translation: “and ʿAmorah”; Notes: Another of the cities destroyed alongside Sedom.
- וּשְׁכֵנֶיהָ (u-shekheineha) – Root: שׁכן; Form: Conjunction + plural construct noun with 3fs suffix; Translation: “and her neighbors”; Notes: Refers to surrounding towns sharing the same fate.
- אָמַר (ʾamar) – Root: אמר; Form: Qal perfect 3ms; Translation: “says”; Notes: Prophetic formula introducing YHWH’s declaration.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה; Form: Proper noun, divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of Israel’s God.
- לֹא־ (lo) – Root: לא; Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negates the following verbs.
- יֵשֵׁב (yeshev) – Root: ישׁב; Form: Qal imperfect 3ms; Translation: “shall dwell”; Notes: Indicates permanence of habitation.
- שָׁם (sham) – Root: שם; Form: Adverb; Translation: “there”; Notes: Locative adverb referring to the land of Edom.
- אִישׁ (ʾish) – Root: אנשׁ; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “man”; Notes: Refers to any individual person.
- וְלֹא־ (ve-lo) – Root: לא; Form: Conjunction + negative particle; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Continues the negation from the previous clause.
- יָגוּר (yagur) – Root: גור; Form: Qal imperfect 3ms; Translation: “shall sojourn”; Notes: Refers to temporary dwelling or lodging.
- בָּהּ (bah) – Root: ב; Form: Preposition בְּ + third fs suffix; Translation: “in her”; Notes: Refers to the land of Edom, grammatically feminine.
- בֶּן־אָדָם (ben-ʾadam) – Root: בן + אדם; Form: Construct chain; Translation: “son of man”; Notes: Hebrew idiom for human being in general, stressing mortality.