וְהָיְתָ֥ה אֱדֹ֖ום לְשַׁמָּ֑ה כֹּ֚ל עֹבֵ֣ר עָלֶ֔יהָ יִשֹּׁ֥ם וְיִשְׁרֹ֖ק עַל־כָּל־מַכֹּותֶֽהָ׃
“And Edom shall become a desolation; everyone passing by her shall be appalled and shall hiss over all her wounds.
Morphology
- וְהָיְתָה (ve-hayetah) – Root: היה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular with prefixed conjunction; Translation: “And she shall become”; Notes: Refers to Edom as a feminine subject, denoting its future state.
- אֱדֹום (ʾEdom) – Root: אדום; Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Edom”; Notes: Refers to the nation descended from Esau, often used symbolically of hostility toward Yisraʾel.
- לְשַׁמָּה (le-shammah) – Root: שׁמם; Form: Preposition לְ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “to desolation”; Notes: Indicates the resultant state into which Edom is turned.
- כֹּל (kol) – Root: כל; Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “everyone / all”; Notes: Functions distributively, introducing the subject of the next clause.
- עֹבֵר (ʿover) – Root: עבר; Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “passing by”; Notes: Functions as a substantive participle describing those who pass by.
- עָלֶיהָ (ʿaleha) – Root: על; Form: Preposition עַל + third fs suffix; Translation: “over her / by her”; Notes: Refers back to Edom in the feminine.
- יִשֹּׁם (yishom) – Root: שׁמם; Form: Qal imperfect 3ms; Translation: “shall be appalled”; Notes: Expresses astonishment mixed with horror at devastation.
- וְיִשְׁרֹק (ve-yishroq) – Root: שרק; Form: Qal imperfect 3ms with prefixed conjunction; Translation: “and shall hiss”; Notes: Hissing is a gesture of derision or mockery.
- עַל־כָּל־ (ʿal-kol) – Root: על + כל; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “over all”; Notes: Prepositional phrase introducing the object of derision.
- מַכֹּותֶהָ (makoteha) – Root: מכה; Form: Noun feminine plural construct + 3fs suffix; Translation: “her wounds / her blows”; Notes: Refers metaphorically to the calamities inflicted on Edom.