וּפֶן־יֵרַ֤ךְ לְבַבְכֶם֙ וְתִֽירְא֔וּ בַּשְּׁמוּעָ֖ה הַנִּשְׁמַ֣עַת בָּאָ֑רֶץ וּבָ֧א בַשָּׁנָ֣ה הַשְּׁמוּעָ֗ה וְאַחֲרָ֤יו בַּשָּׁנָה֙ הַשְּׁמוּעָ֔ה וְחָמָ֣ס בָּאָ֔רֶץ וּמֹשֵׁ֖ל עַל־מֹשֵֽׁל׃
And lest your heart grow faint, and you fear the report that is heard in the land—when in one year a report comes, and after it in another year a report, and violence is in the land, ruler against ruler.
Morphology
- וּפֶן (u-pen) – Root: פן (pen); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “and lest”; Notes: Introduces a warning of possible outcome.
- יֵרַךְ (yerakh) – Root: רך (rakh); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “grow faint / become soft”; Notes: Refers to loss of courage.
- לְבַבְכֶם (levavkhem) – Root: לבב (levav); Form: Noun masculine singular with 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “your heart”; Notes: Seat of emotion and courage in biblical idiom.
- וְתִירְאוּ (ve-tireʾu) – Root: ירא (yaraʾ); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural with conjunction; Translation: “and you fear”; Notes: Warning against being terrified.
- בַּשְּׁמוּעָה (ba-shemuʿah) – Root: שׁמע (shamaʿ); Form: Preposition + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the report”; Notes: Refers to news or rumor of invasion.
- הַנִּשְׁמַעַת (ha-nishmaʿat) – Root: שׁמע (shamaʿ); Form: Niphal participle feminine singular; Translation: “that is heard”; Notes: Passive sense, the report being received.
- בָּאָרֶץ (ba-ʾarets) – Root: ארץ (ʾarets); Form: Preposition + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “in the land”; Notes: Refers to the land of Babylon.
- וּבָא (u-va) – Root: בוא (boʾ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with conjunction; Translation: “and comes”; Notes: Refers to the occurrence of reports year by year.
- בַּשָּׁנָה (ba-shanah) – Root: שׁנה (shanah); Form: Preposition + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “in the year”; Notes: Time reference.
- הַשְּׁמוּעָה (ha-shemuʿah) – Root: שׁמע (shamaʿ); Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the report”; Notes: Emphasizes repeated news of calamity.
- וְאַחֲרָיו (ve-aḥarav) – Root: אחר (aḥar); Form: Conjunction + adverb with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and after it”; Notes: Indicates sequence of years and events.
- בַּשָּׁנָה (ba-shanah) – Root: שׁנה (shanah); Form: Preposition + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “in the year”; Notes: Repetition emphasizes continuity.
- הַשְּׁמוּעָה (ha-shemuʿah) – Root: שׁמע (shamaʿ); Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the report”; Notes: Second year brings another report.
- וְחָמָס (ve-ḥamas) – Root: חמס (ḥamas); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and violence”; Notes: Refers to social or military chaos in the land.
- בָּאָרֶץ (ba-ʾarets) – Root: ארץ (ʾarets); Form: Preposition + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “in the land”; Notes: Again points to the land of Babylon.
- וּמֹשֵׁל (u-moshel) – Root: משׁל (mashal); Form: Qal participle masculine singular with conjunction; Translation: “and ruler”; Notes: Denotes one who governs.
- עַל (ʿal) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition; Translation: “against / over”; Notes: Here indicates conflict or opposition.
- מֹשֵׁל (moshel) – Root: משׁל (mashal); Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “ruler”; Notes: Refers to rulers contending against one another.