וּשְׁטָחוּם֩ לַשֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ וְלַיָּרֵ֜חַ וּלְכֹ֣ל צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲהֵב֜וּם וַאֲשֶׁ֤ר עֲבָדוּם֙ וַֽאֲשֶׁר֙ הָלְכ֣וּ אַֽחֲרֵיהֶ֔ם וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר דְּרָשׁ֔וּם וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר הִֽשְׁתַּחֲו֖וּ לָהֶ֑ם לֹ֤א יֵאָֽסְפוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א יִקָּבֵ֔רוּ לְדֹ֛מֶן עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָ֖ה יִֽהְיֽוּ׃
And they shall be spread before the sun and before the moon and to all the host of the heavens, whom they loved and whom they served and after whom they walked and whom they sought and to whom they bowed down; they shall not be gathered and they shall not be buried; they shall be as dung on the face of the ground.
Morphology
- וּשְׁטָחוּם֩ (u-shetaḥum) – Root: שטח; Form: Qal passive (puʿal-like) 3rd person masculine plural + 3rd person masculine plural suffix with vav; Translation: “And they shall be spread”; Notes: Refers to their corpses being laid out in disgrace.
- לַשֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ (la-shemesh) – Root: שׁמש; Form: Preposition + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “before the sun”; Notes: Indicates objects of former idolatry now witness to disgrace.
- וְלַיָּרֵ֜חַ (ve-la-yareʿaḥ) – Root: ירח; Form: Conjunction + preposition + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “and before the moon”; Notes: Paired with sun in cosmic idolatry motif.
- וּלְכֹ֣ל צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם (u-le-kol tseva ha-shamayim) – Roots: כל, צבא, שׁמים; Form: Conjunction + preposition + construct chain + definite plural noun; Translation: “and to all the host of the heavens”; Notes: Refers to stars and celestial bodies worshipped as gods.
- אֲשֶׁ֨ר (asher) – Root: אשר; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “whom”; Notes: Begins a series of relative clauses describing idolatrous actions.
- אֲהֵב֜וּם (ahevum) – Root: אהב; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “they loved them”; Notes: Refers to emotional devotion to idols.
- וַאֲשֶׁ֤ר עֲבָדוּם֙ (va-asher avadum) – Root: עבד; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “and whom they served”; Notes: Ritual or cultic service to celestial beings.
- וַאֲשֶׁר֙ הָלְכ֣וּ אַֽחֲרֵיהֶ֔ם (va-asher halekhu aḥareihem) – Roots: הלך, אחר; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural + preposition + 3rd person plural suffix; Translation: “and whom they followed”; Notes: Figurative for imitation or spiritual allegiance.
- וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר דְּרָשׁ֔וּם (va-asher derashum) – Root: דרשׁ; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “and whom they sought”; Notes: Includes seeking for oracles or guidance.
- וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר הִֽשְׁתַּחֲו֖וּ לָהֶ֑ם (va-asher hishtaḥavu lahem) – Root: שׁחה; Form: Hitpael perfect 3rd person masculine plural + preposition + 3rd person plural suffix; Translation: “and whom they bowed down to”; Notes: Acts of worship and submission to idols.
- לֹ֤א יֵאָֽסְפוּ֙ (lo yeʾasefu) – Root: אסף; Form: Nifal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with negative; Translation: “they shall not be gathered”; Notes: Refers to bodies not being properly buried.
- וְלֹ֣א יִקָּבֵ֔רוּ (ve-lo yiqqaveru) – Root: קבר; Form: Nifal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with negative; Translation: “and they shall not be buried”; Notes: Further emphasis on dishonor in death.
- לְדֹ֛מֶן (le-domen) – Root: דמן; Form: Preposition + masculine singular noun; Translation: “as dung”; Notes: Symbol of ultimate uncleanness and disgrace.
- עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָ֖ה (ʿal-penei ha-adamah) – Root: פני, אדמה; Form: Preposition + construct noun + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “upon the face of the ground”; Notes: Exposed and defiled on the surface of the earth.
- יִֽהְיֽוּ (yihyu) – Root: היה; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they shall be”; Notes: Final statement on their state—exposed, unburied, and disgraced.