Joshua 19:41

וַיְהִ֖י גְּב֣וּל נַחֲלָתָ֑ם צָרְעָ֥ה וְאֶשְׁתָּאֹ֖ול וְעִ֥יר שָֽׁמֶשׁ׃

And the border of their inheritance was Tzorʿa, and Eshtaʾol, and ʿIr Shemesh.

Morphology

1. וַיְהִ֖י (vayehi) – Root: היה (hyh); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And it was”; Notes: Introduces a narrative statement about the boundaries.
2. גְּב֣וּל (gevul) – Root: גבול (gvl); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “Border”; Notes: Refers to territorial limits of an inheritance.
3. נַחֲלָתָ֑ם (naḥalatam) – Root: נחלה (nḥlh); Form: Noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “Their inheritance”; Notes: Refers to the allotted land for the tribe of Dan.
4. צָרְעָ֥ה (Tzorʿah) – Root: צרעה (ṣrʿh); Form: Proper noun, feminine singular; Translation: “Tzorʿah”; Notes: A city in the tribal allotment of Dan, associated with Shimshon (Samson).
5. וְאֶשְׁתָּאֹ֖ול (ve-Eshtaʾol) – Root: אשתאול (ʾštʾwl); Form: Proper noun, feminine singular; Translation: “Eshtaʾol”; Notes: Another city in the land of Dan, often linked with Tzorʿah.
6. וְעִ֥יר (ve-ʿIr) – Root: עיר (ʿyr); Form: Noun, feminine singular absolute; Translation: “City”; Notes: Functions as part of a compound place name.
7. שָֽׁמֶשׁ׃ (Shemesh) – Root: שמש (šmš); Form: Proper noun, feminine singular; Translation: “Shemesh”; Notes: Part of the name “ʿIr Shemesh,” meaning “City of the Sun.”