וַיַּשְׁקֵ֣ף אֲרַ֗וְנָה וַיַּ֤רְא אֶת־הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ֙ וְאֶת־עֲבָדָ֔יו עֹבְרִ֖ים עָלָ֑יו וַיֵּצֵ֣א אֲרַ֔וְנָה וַיִּשְׁתַּ֧חוּ לַמֶּ֛לֶךְ אַפָּ֖יו אָֽרְצָה׃
And Aravna looked out and saw the king and his servants passing over toward him; and Aravna went out and bowed himself to the king with his face to the ground.
Morphology
- וַיַּשְׁקֵף (vayyashqef) – Root: שׁקף; Form: Hiphil wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he looked out”; Notes: Describes a deliberate act of observation, often from a height.
- אֲרַוְנָה (Aravnah) – Root: —; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Aravnah”; Notes: Jebusite owner of the threshing floor.
- וַיַּרְא (vayyarʾ) – Root: ראה; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he saw”; Notes: Perception following observation.
- אֶת־הַמֶּלֶךְ (et-hammelekh) – Root: מלך; Form: Definite direct object + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the king”; Notes: Refers to Dawid.
- וְאֶת־עֲבָדָיו (veʾet-ʿavadav) – Root: עבד; Form: Conjunction + definite direct object + plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and his servants”; Notes: Plural, indicating Dawid’s entourage.
- עֹבְרִים (ʿovrim) – Root: עבר; Form: Qal participle masculine plural; Translation: “passing over”; Notes: Denotes continuous movement.
- עָלָיו (ʿalayv) – Root: על; Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “toward him”; Notes: Indicates direction or approach.
- וַיֵּצֵא (vayyetseʾ) – Root: יצא; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he went out”; Notes: Indicates action from his place toward Dawid.
- וַיִּשְׁתַּחוּ (vayyishtachu) – Root: שׁחה; Form: Hishtaphel wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he bowed down”; Notes: Gesture of reverence or submission.
- לַמֶּלֶךְ (lammelekh) – Root: מלך; Form: Preposition + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “to the king”; Notes: Dative of respect, indicates direction of reverence.
- אַפָּיו (appayv) – Root: אף; Form: Dual noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his face”; Notes: Literally “his nostrils,” idiomatically “his face.”
- אָרְצָה (ʾartzah) – Root: ארץ; Form: Feminine singular noun with directional suffix; Translation: “to the ground”; Notes: Directional ending indicates motion downward.