רָנּ֨וּ שָׁמַ֜יִם כִּֽי־עָשָׂ֣ה יְהוָ֗ה הָרִ֨יעוּ֙ תַּחְתִּיֹּ֣ות אָ֔רֶץ פִּצְח֤וּ הָרִים֙ רִנָּ֔ה יַ֖עַר וְכָל־עֵ֣ץ בֹּ֑ו כִּֽי־גָאַ֤ל יְהוָה֙ יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב וּבְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִתְפָּאָֽר׃ פ
Sing, O heavens, for YHWH has done it! Shout, O depths of the earth! Break forth, O mountains, into singing, forest and every tree in it! For YHWH has redeemed Yaʿaqov, and in Yisraʾel He will be glorified.
Morphology
- רָנּ֨וּ (rannu) – Root: רנן; Form: Qal imperative masculine plural; Translation: “Sing!”; Notes: Call for rejoicing addressed to the heavens.
- שָׁמַ֜יִם (shamayim) – Root: שׁמים; Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “heavens”; Notes: Plural of majesty; celestial realm.
- כִּֽי־עָשָׂ֣ה (ki-ʿasah) – Root: עשה; Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “for He has done”; Notes: Declares divine accomplishment.
- יְהוָ֗ה (YHWH) – Root: הוה; Form: Proper name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The Tetragrammaton, divine name.
- הָרִ֨יעוּ (hariʿu) – Root: רוע; Form: Hifil imperative masculine plural; Translation: “Shout!”; Notes: A loud call, often in battle or celebration.
- תַּחְתִּיֹּ֣ות (taḥtiyyot) – Root: תחת; Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “depths”; Notes: Refers to the lower regions of the earth.
- אָ֔רֶץ (ʾaretz) – Root: ארץ; Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “earth”; Notes: Ground, land, or territory.
- פִּצְח֤וּ (pitsḥu) – Root: פצח; Form: Qal imperative masculine plural; Translation: “Break forth!”; Notes: Explosive rejoicing.
- הָרִים֙ (harim) – Root: הר; Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “mountains”; Notes: Personified to rejoice.
- רִנָּ֔ה (rinnah) – Root: רנן; Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “singing”; Notes: Loud joyful song.
- יַ֖עַר (yaʿar) – Root: יער; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “forest”; Notes: Used metonymically for nature.
- וְכָל־עֵ֣ץ (ve-khol-ʿets) – Root: עץ; Form: Conjunction + adjective + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and every tree”; Notes: Inclusive praise.
- בֹּ֑ו (bo) – Root: בוא; Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “in it”; Notes: Refers back to the forest.
- כִּֽי־גָאַ֤ל (ki-gaʾal) – Root: גאל; Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “for He has redeemed”; Notes: Declaration of divine salvation.
- יְהוָה֙ (YHWH) – Root: הוה; Form: Proper name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Covenant name of God.
- יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב (Yaʿaqov) – Root: יעקב; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yaʿaqov”; Notes: Eponym for the nation of Yisraʾel.
- וּבְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל (u-ve-Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל; Form: Conjunction + preposition + proper noun; Translation: “and in Yisraʾel”; Notes: Parallel name to Yaʿaqov.
- יִתְפָּאָֽר (yitpaʾar) – Root: פאר; Form: Hitpael imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He will be glorified”; Notes: Reflexive—YHWH shows His glory through His people.