אָסֹ֥ף אֲסִיפֵ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהֹוָ֑ה אֵין֩ עֲנָבִ֨ים בַּגֶּ֜פֶן וְאֵ֧ין תְּאֵנִ֣ים בַּתְּאֵנָ֗ה וְהֶֽעָלֶה֙ נָבֵ֔ל וָאֶתֵּ֥ן לָהֶ֖ם יַעַבְרֽוּם׃
“Gathering, I will gather them,” declares YHWH. “There are no grapes on the vine, and no figs on the fig tree, and the leaf has withered, and what I gave them shall pass away from them.”’”
Morphology
- אָסֹף (ʾasof) – Root: אסף (ʾasaf); Form: Qal infinitive absolute; Translation: “gathering”; Notes: Used for emphasis with the following verb—an intensifying construction.
- אֲסִיפֵם (ʾasifem) – Root: אסף (ʾasaf); Form: Qal infinitive construct or imperfect 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “I will gather them”; Notes: Emphatic duplication with the previous infinitive absolute.
- נְאֻם־יְהוָה (neʾum-YHWH) – Root: נאם (naʾam); Form: Noun construct + proper name; Translation: “declares YHWH”; Notes: A prophetic formula affirming divine speech.
- אֵין (ʾein) – Root: —; Form: Negative existential particle; Translation: “there is no”; Notes: Denotes total absence.
- עֲנָבִים (ʿanavim) – Root: ענב (ʿanav); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “grapes”; Notes: Symbol of fruitfulness and blessing—now lacking.
- בַּגֶּפֶן (ba-gefen) – Root: גפן (gefen); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “on the vine”; Notes: Refers to Israel’s expected fruitfulness.
- וְאֵין (veʾein) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction + negative existential particle; Translation: “and there is no”; Notes: Continues the pattern of total absence.
- תְּאֵנִים (teʾenim) – Root: תאנה (teʾenah); Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “figs”; Notes: Another symbol of provision and national prosperity.
- בַּתְּאֵנָה (ba-teʾenah) – Root: תאנה (teʾenah); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “on the fig tree”; Notes: Parallel to the vine/grape image above.
- וְהֶעָלֶה (ve-heʿaleh) – Root: עלה (ʿaleh); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “and the leaf”; Notes: Even outward signs of life are gone.
- נָבֵל (navel) – Root: נבל (naval); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has withered”; Notes: Represents complete spiritual decay.
- וָאֶתֵּן (vaʾetten) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 1st person common singular; Translation: “and I gave”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s former blessings or provisions.
- לָהֶם (lahem) – Root: ל־ (le) + הם (hem); Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “to them”; Notes: Object of the divine giving.
- יַעַבְרֽוּם (yaʿavrum) – Root: עבר (ʿavar); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “they shall pass over them” or “be taken away from them”; Notes: Refers to removal of blessings or people, possibly exile.