לֹֽא־תִקֹּ֤ם וְלֹֽא־תִטֹּר֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י עַמֶּ֔ךָ וְאָֽהַבְתָּ֥ לְרֵעֲךָ֖ כָּמֹ֑וךָ אֲנִ֖י יְהוָֽה׃
You shall not take vengeance or bear a grudge against the children of your people, but you shall love your neighbor as yourself. I am YHWH.
Morphology
- לֹֽא־תִקֹּ֤ם (lo-tiqom) – Root: נקם (n-q-m); Form: Negative particle + Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “You shall not take vengeance”; Notes: Prohibition against retaliatory actions.
- וְלֹֽא־תִטֹּר֙ (velo-titor) – Root: נטר (n-ṭ-r); Form: Conjunction + Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “And you shall not bear a grudge”; Notes: Refers to harboring resentment or hatred.
- אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י עַמֶּ֔ךָ (et-benei ammekha) – Root: עם (ʿ-m); Form: Accusative particle + noun masculine plural construct + noun masculine singular construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “Against the children of your people”; Notes: Refers to fellow Israelites.
- וְאָֽהַבְתָּ֥ (ve-ahavta) – Root: אהב (ʾ-h-v); Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “But you shall love”; Notes: Command to act in love.
- לְרֵעֲךָ֖ (le-reʿakha) – Root: רֵעַ (r-ʿ); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “Your neighbor”; Notes: Refers to a fellow member of the community.
- כָּמֹ֑וךָ (kamokha) – Root: כמוה (k-m-h); Form: Preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “As yourself”; Notes: Sets the standard for how to love others.
- אֲנִ֖י (ani) – Root: אנ (ʾ-n); Form: Independent pronoun 1st person singular; Translation: “I”; Notes: Refers to YHWH declaring His authority.
- יְהוָֽה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (h-v-h); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The divine name of God.