כָּל־יְמֵ֥י הָשַּׁמָּ֖ה תִּשְׁבֹּ֑ת אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹֽא־שָׁבְתָ֛ה בְּשַׁבְּתֹתֵיכֶ֖ם בְּשִׁבְתְּכֶ֥ם עָלֶֽיהָ׃
All the days of its desolation it will rest, for it did not rest in your Sabbaths when you lived upon it.
Morphology
- כָּל־ (kol) – Root: כל (k-l); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “All”; Notes: Refers to the entirety.
- יְמֵ֥י (yemei) – Root: יום (y-w-m); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “The days of”; Notes: Indicates a duration of time.
- הָשַּׁמָּ֖ה (ha-shammah) – Root: שׁמם (sh-m-m); Form: Noun, feminine singular absolute with definite article; Translation: “Its desolation”; Notes: Describes the uninhabited state of the land.
- תִּשְׁבֹּ֑ת (tishbot) – Root: שׁבת (sh-b-t); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “It will rest”; Notes: Indicates the cessation of agricultural activity.
- אֵ֣ת (et) – Root: Particle; Form: Direct object marker; Translation: Untranslatable in English; Notes: Marks the direct object of the verb.
- אֲשֶׁ֧ר (asher) – Root: Relative pronoun; Form: Relative clause introducer; Translation: “For”; Notes: Introduces a clause explaining the preceding statement.
- לֹֽא־שָׁבְתָ֛ה (lo-shavtah) – Root: שׁבת (sh-b-t); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “It did not rest”; Notes: Refers to the failure to observe Sabbaths.
- בְּשַׁבְּתֹתֵיכֶ֖ם (be-shabtoteikhem) – Root: שׁבת (sh-b-t); Form: Noun, feminine plural construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “In your Sabbaths”; Notes: Refers to the designated periods of rest for the land.
- בְּשִׁבְתְּכֶ֥ם (be-shivteikhem) – Root: שׁבת (sh-b-t); Form: Noun, feminine singular construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “When you lived”; Notes: Indicates the period of habitation by Yisra’el.
- עָלֶֽיהָ׃ (aleha) – Root: על (ʿ-l); Form: Preposition with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “Upon it”; Notes: Refers to the land.