אַךְ־כָּל־חֵ֡רֶם אֲשֶׁ֣ר יַחֲרִם֩ אִ֨ישׁ לַֽיהוָ֜ה מִכָּל־אֲשֶׁר־לֹ֗ו מֵאָדָ֤ם וּבְהֵמָה֙ וּמִשְּׂדֵ֣ה אֲחֻזָּתֹ֔ו לֹ֥א יִמָּכֵ֖ר וְלֹ֣א יִגָּאֵ֑ל כָּל־חֵ֕רֶם קֹֽדֶשׁ־קָֽדָשִׁ֥ים ה֖וּא לַיהוָֽה׃
But every devoted thing that a man devotes to YHWH from all that he has, whether man, animal, or from the field of his possession, shall not be sold or redeemed; every devoted thing is most holy to YHWH.
Morphology
- אַךְ־ (akh) – Root: אך (‘-kh); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “But”; Notes: Introduces an exception or emphasis.
- כָּל־ (kol) – Root: כל (k-l); Form: Noun, construct; Translation: “Every”; Notes: Denotes totality.
- חֵ֡רֶם (cherem) – Root: חרם (ḥ-r-m); Form: Masculine singular noun; Translation: “Devoted thing”; Notes: Refers to something irrevocably dedicated to YHWH.
- אֲשֶׁ֣ר (asher) – Root: אשר (‘-sh-r); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “That”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause.
- יַחֲרִם֩ (yaḥarim) – Root: חרם (ḥ-r-m); Form: Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He devotes”; Notes: Refers to the act of irrevocably dedicating something to YHWH.
- אִ֨ישׁ (ish) – Root: איש (‘-sh); Form: Masculine singular noun; Translation: “A man”; Notes: Refers to an individual person.
- לַֽיהוָ֜ה (la-YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Preposition with proper noun; Translation: “To YHWH”; Notes: Denotes dedication to YHWH.
- מִכָּל־ (mi-kol) – Root: כל (k-l); Form: Preposition with construct noun; Translation: “From all”; Notes: Specifies the source or totality of the offering.
- אֲשֶׁר־ (asher) – Root: אשר (‘-sh-r); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “That”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause.
- לֹ֗ו (lo) – Root: לא (l-‘); Form: Preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “He has”; Notes: Indicates possession.
- מֵאָדָ֤ם (me-adam) – Root: אדם (‘-d-m); Form: Masculine singular noun with preposition; Translation: “From man”; Notes: Refers to humans among the possessions.
- וּבְהֵמָה֙ (u-vehemah) – Root: בהמה (b-h-m); Form: Feminine singular noun with conjunction; Translation: “And livestock”; Notes: Refers to animals included in the devoted things.
- וּמִשְּׂדֵ֣ה (u-misdeh) – Root: שדה (sh-d-h); Form: Masculine singular noun with preposition and conjunction; Translation: “And from the field”; Notes: Refers to fields dedicated as part of the offering.
- אֲחֻזָּתֹ֔ו (aḥuzato) – Root: חזת (ḥ-z-h); Form: Feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “Of his possession”; Notes: Refers to land that belongs to the individual.
- לֹ֥א (lo) – Root: לא (l-‘); Form: Negation particle; Translation: “Not”; Notes: Indicates prohibition.
- יִמָּכֵ֖ר (yimmaker) – Root: מכר (m-kh-r); Form: Niphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “It shall be sold”; Notes: Refers to the prohibition against selling devoted items.
- וְלֹ֣א (ve-lo) – Root: לא (l-‘); Form: Conjunction with negation particle; Translation: “Nor”; Notes: Indicates additional prohibition.
- יִגָּאֵ֑ל (yiga’el) – Root: גאל (g-‘-l); Form: Niphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “It shall be redeemed”; Notes: Refers to the prohibition against redeeming devoted items.
- כָּל־ (kol) – Root: כל (k-l); Form: Noun, construct; Translation: “Every”; Notes: Denotes totality.
- חֵ֕רֶם (cherem) – Root: חרם (ḥ-r-m); Form: Masculine singular noun; Translation: “Devoted thing”; Notes: Refers to something irrevocably dedicated to YHWH.
- קֹֽדֶשׁ־ (qodesh) – Root: קדש (q-d-sh); Form: Masculine singular noun; Translation: “Holy”; Notes: Refers to consecrated or sacred things.
- קָֽדָשִׁ֥ים (qodashim) – Root: קדש (q-d-sh); Form: Masculine plural noun; Translation: “Most holy”; Notes: Indicates a heightened level of sanctity.
- ה֖וּא (hu) – Root: הוא (h-w-); Form: Masculine singular pronoun; Translation: “It is”; Notes: Refers to the devoted thing as belonging to YHWH.
- לַיהוָֽה (la-YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Preposition with proper noun; Translation: “To YHWH”; Notes: Denotes ultimate dedication to YHWH.