בְּפֶ֤שַׁע יַֽעֲקֹב֙ כָּל־זֹ֔את וּבְחַטֹּ֖אות בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל מִֽי־פֶ֣שַׁע יַעֲקֹ֗ב הֲלֹוא֙ שֹֽׁמְרֹ֔ון וּמִי֙ בָּמֹ֣ות יְהוּדָ֔ה הֲלֹ֖וא יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃
In the transgression of Yaʿaqov is all this and in the sins of the house of Yisraʾel who is the transgression of Yaʿaqov is it not Shomeron and who is the high places of Yehuda is it not Yerushalayim.
Morphology
- בְּפֶשַׁע (be-feshaʿ) – Root: פשע (peshaʿ); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “In the transgression”; Notes: Identifies the cause motivating divine judgment.
- יַעֲקֹב (Yaʿaqov) – Root: עקב (ʿaqav); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yaʿaqov”; Notes: Represents the northern kingdom (Israel).
- כָּל (kol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “all”; Notes: Emphasizes totality of the judgment.
- זֹאת (zot) – Root: זה (zeh); Form: Demonstrative feminine singular; Translation: “this”; Notes: Refers to the calamity described.
- וּבְחַטֹּאות (u-ve-ḥattoʾt) – Root: חטא (ḥata’); Form: Conjunction + preposition בְּ + noun feminine plural; Translation: “and in the sins”; Notes: Broadens the scope beyond one transgression.
- בֵּית (beit) – Root: בית (bayit); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “house of”; Notes: Identifies the family or national entity.
- יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisraʾel) – Root: שרי־אל (sarah–El); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the northern kingdom.
- מִי (mi) – Root: מי (mi); Form: Interrogative pronoun; Translation: “who”; Notes: Introduces a rhetorical question.
- פֶשַׁע (peshaʿ) – Root: פשע (peshaʿ); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “transgression”; Notes: The sin which brings divine judgment.
- יַעֲקֹב (Yaʿaqov) – Root: עקב (ʿaqav); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yaʿaqov”; Notes: Emphatically repeated for rhetorical focus.
- הֲלֹוא (halo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Interrogative particle; Translation: “is it not”; Notes: Expecting affirmative acknowledgment.
- שֹׁמְרֹון (Shomron) – Root: שׁמר (shamar); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Shomron”; Notes: Capital of the northern kingdom.
- וּמִי (u-mi) – Root: מי (mi); Form: Conjunction + interrogative pronoun; Translation: “and who”; Notes: Introduces parallel rhetorical question.
- בָּמֹות (bamot) – Root: במה (bamah); Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “the high places”; Notes: Often associated with idolatry.
- יְהוּדָה (Yehudah) – Root: ידה (yadah); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yehudah”; Notes: The southern kingdom.
- הֲלֹוא (halo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Interrogative particle; Translation: “is it not”; Notes: Repeated to drive home the point.
- יְרוּשָׁלָם (Yerushalayim) – Root: ירשלם (Yerushalayim); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yerushalayim”; Notes: Capital of Yehudah, counterpart to Shomron.