כֹּ֣ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה אִם־שְׁלֵמִים֙ וְכֵ֣ן רַבִּ֔ים וְכֵ֥ן נָגֹ֖זּוּ וְעָבָ֑ר וְעִ֨נִּתִ֔ךְ לֹ֥א אֲעַנֵּ֖ךְ עֹֽוד׃
Thus says YHWH: “Though they are whole and likewise many, and thus they shall be cut off and he shall pass. And I have afflicted you, I will not afflict you again.
Morphology
- כֹּה (koh) – Root: כה (koh); Form: Adverb; Translation: “thus”; Notes: Standard prophetic formula introducing YHWH’s speech.
- אָמַר (amar) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal perfect 3ms; Translation: “said”; Notes: Introduces the divine utterance.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Divine proper name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Covenant name of Israel’s God.
- אִם (im) – Root: אם (ʾim); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “though / even if”; Notes: Conditional nuance emphasizing contrast.
- שְׁלֵמִים (sheleimim) – Root: שלם (shalam); Form: Adjective masculine plural; Translation: “whole / complete”; Notes: Refers to their strength or intact condition.
- וְכֵן (ve-khen) – Root: כן (khen); Form: Conjunction וְ + adverb; Translation: “and likewise”; Notes: Adds a parallel condition.
- רַבִּים (rabbim) – Root: רבב (ravav); Form: Adjective masculine plural; Translation: “many”; Notes: Indicates great numbers or multitude.
- וְכֵן (ve-khen) – Root: כן (khen); Form: Conjunction וְ + adverb; Translation: “and thus”; Notes: Continues the parallel pattern.
- נָגֹזּוּ (nagozzu) – Root: גזז (gazaz); Form: Niphal perfect 3mp; Translation: “they shall be cut off”; Notes: Niphal expresses passive—being shorn or removed.
- וְעָבָר (ve-avar) – Root: עבר (avar); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 3ms; Translation: “and he shall pass”; Notes: Refers to the agent of judgment passing through.
- וְעִנִּתִךְ (ve-ʿinnitikh) – Root: ענה (ʿanah); Form: Conjunction וְ + Piel perfect 1cs + suffix 2fs; Translation: “and I have afflicted you”; Notes: Piel intensifies: deliberate affliction.
- לֹא (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negates the coming action.
- אֲעַנֵּךְ (ʾaʿanekh) – Root: ענה (ʿanah); Form: Piel imperfect 1cs + suffix 2fs; Translation: “I will afflict you”; Notes: Promise that divine affliction will not be repeated.
- עוֹד (ʿod) – Root: עוד (ʿod); Form: Adverb; Translation: “again”; Notes: Marks cessation of recurring affliction.