וְהֻצַּ֖ב גֻּלְּתָ֣ה הֹֽעֲלָ֑תָה וְאַמְהֹתֶ֗יהָ מְנַֽהֲגֹות֙ כְּקֹ֣ול יֹונִ֔ים מְתֹפְפֹ֖ת עַל־לִבְבֵהֶֽן׃
And it is decreed: she is uncovered, she is carried away, and her maidens moan like the sound of doves, beating upon their hearts.
Morphology
- וְ (ve) — Root: ו (vav); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “and”; Notes: Connects sequential descriptions of judgment.
- הֻצַּב (hutzav) — Root: יצב (yatsav); Form: Hophal perfect 3ms; Translation: “it is decreed / it is fixed”; Notes: Indicates a decision firmly established, likely divine decree.
- גֻּלְּתָה (gulletah) — Root: גלה (galah); Form: Pual perfect 3fs; Translation: “she is uncovered / stripped”; Notes: Refers to humiliation or exposure.
- הֹעֲלָתָה (hoʿalatah) — Root: עלה (ʿalah); Form: Hophal perfect 3fs; Translation: “she is carried away”; Notes: Passive removal into exile or captivity.
- וְ (ve) — Root: ו (vav); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “and”; Notes: Adds a further detail of sorrow.
- אַמְהֹתֶיהָ (amhoteyha) — Root: אמה (amah); Form: Noun feminine plural + suffix 3fs; Translation: “her maidens”; Notes: Female attendants or servants linked to the city/personified figure.
- מְנַהֲגֹות (menahagot) — Root: נהג (nahag); Form: Piel participle feminine plural; Translation: “moaning / lamenting”; Notes: Piel expresses intense, repeated vocal lament.
- כְּ (ke) — Root: כ (kaf); Form: Preposition; Translation: “like”; Notes: Introduces comparison.
- קֹול (qol) — Root: קול (qol); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “sound”; Notes: Refers to the tone or cry.
- יֹונִים (yonim) — Root: יון (yon); Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “doves”; Notes: Doves often symbolize soft mourning sounds.
- מְתֹפְפֹות (metofefot) — Root: תף (tof); Form: Piel participle feminine plural; Translation: “beating”; Notes: Likely rhythmic striking as an expression of grief.
- עַל (ʿal) — Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition; Translation: “upon”; Notes: Indicates the surface struck.
- לִבְבֵהֶן (livvevehen) — Root: לבב (levav); Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 3fp; Translation: “their hearts”; Notes: Beating on the chest is a traditional sign of mourning.