מֵרֹב֙ זְנוּנֵ֣י זֹונָ֔ה טֹ֥ובַת חֵ֖ן בַּעֲלַ֣ת כְּשָׁפִ֑ים הַמֹּכֶ֤רֶת גֹּויִם֙ בִּזְנוּנֶ֔יהָ וּמִשְׁפָּחֹ֖ות בִּכְשָׁפֶֽיהָ׃
Because of the multitude of the whorings of a prostitute good of favor mistress of sorceries she who sells nations by her whorings and families by her sorceries.
Morphology
- מֵרֹב (me-rov) — Root: רבב (ravav); Form: Preposition מִן + noun masculine singular; Translation: “because of the multitude”; Notes: Introduces the reason for judgment.
- זְנוּנֵי (zenunei) — Root: זנה (zanah); Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “whorings of”; Notes: Figurative for idolatry and political betrayal.
- זֹונָה (zonah) — Root: זנה (zanah); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “a prostitute”; Notes: Symbol of Nineweh’s seductive power.
- טֹובַת (tovat) — Root: טוב (tov); Form: Adjective feminine singular construct; Translation: “good of”; Notes: Modifies “favor,” meaning alluring or attractive.
- חֵן (ḥen) — Root: חן (ḥen); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “favor”; Notes: Charm that seduces other nations.
- בַּעֲלַת (baʿalat) — Root: בעל (baʿal); Form: Noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “mistress of”; Notes: Indicates mastery or control.
- כְּשָׁפִים (keshafim) — Root: כשׁף (kashaf); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “sorceries”; Notes: Symbol of deceitful manipulation.
- הַמֹּכֶרֶת (ha-mocheret) — Root: מכר (makhar); Form: Definite article הַ + Qal participle feminine singular; Translation: “she who sells”; Notes: Active role in betraying other nations.
- גֹּויִם (goyim) — Root: גוי (goy); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “nations”; Notes: Victims of Nineweh’s treacherous influence.
- בִּזְנוּנֶיהָ (bi-zenuneha) — Root: זנה (zanah); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine plural + suffix 3fs; Translation: “by her whorings”; Notes: Means her seductions or political prostitutions.
- וּ (u) — Root: ו; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “and”; Notes: Adds a parallel accusation.
- מִשְׁפָּחֹות (mishpachot) — Root: שׁפחה (shaphakh) or nominal משפחה; Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “families”; Notes: Clans or extended households.
- בִּכְשָׁפֶיהָ (bi-keshafeha) — Root: כשׁף (kashaf); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine plural + suffix 3fs; Translation: “by her sorceries”; Notes: Depicts Nineweh’s deceptive power over other peoples.