Nahum 3:3

פָּרָ֣שׁ מַעֲלֶ֗ה וְלַ֤הַב חֶ֨רֶב֙ וּבְרַ֣ק חֲנִ֔ית וְרֹ֥ב חָלָ֖ל וְכֹ֣בֶד פָּ֑גֶר וְאֵ֥ין קֵ֨צֶה֙ לַגְּוִיָּ֔ה יִכְשְׂל֖וּ בִּגְוִיָּתָֽם׃

A horseman goes up and the flame of a sword and the lightning of a spear and a multitude of slain and a heavy heap of corpses and there is no end to the carcasses they stumble over their carcasses.

Morphology

1. פָּרָשׁ (parash) — Root: פרשׁ (parash); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “horseman”; Notes: Refers to a mounted warrior charging into battle.
2. מַעֲלֶה (maʿaleh) — Root: עלה (ʿalah); Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “goes up”; Notes: Depicts motion forward or upward into battle.
3. וְ (ve) — Root: ו; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “and”; Notes: Links sequential images of warfare.
4. לַהַב (lahav) — Root: להב (lahav); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “flame”; Notes: Burning flash associated with metal in motion.
5. חֶרֶב (ḥerev) — Root: חרב (ḥarev); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “sword”; Notes: Poetic battle imagery.
6. וּ (u) — Root: ו; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “and”; Notes: Joins weapon imagery.
7. בְּרַק (beraqq) — Root: ברק (baraq); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “lightning”; Notes: Highlights the flash of polished weaponry.
8. חֲנִית (ḥanit) — Root: חנה or nominal חנית; Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “spear”; Notes: Standard weapon in ANE warfare.
9. וְרֹב (ve-rov) — Root: רבב (ravav); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and a multitude”; Notes: Denotes overwhelming numbers.
10. חָלָל (ḥalal) — Root: חלל (ḥalal); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “slain”; Notes: Refers to fallen warriors.
11. וְ (ve) — Root: ו; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “and”; Notes: Continues the piling imagery.
12. כֹבֶד (koved) — Root: כבד (kavad); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “heaviness”; Notes: Indicates mass or weightiness.
13. פָּגֶר (pager) — Root: פגר (pager); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “corpse”; Notes: Adds to the image of battlefield devastation.
14. וְאֵין (ve-en) — Root: אין (ʾen); Form: Conjunction + negative existential; Translation: “and there is no”; Notes: Introduces negated quantity.
15. קֵצֶה (qetseh) — Root: קצה (qatseh); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “end”; Notes: Emphasizes limitless number.
16. לַגְּוִיָּה (la-geviyyah) — Root: גוה (govah); Form: Preposition לְ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “to the carcasses”; Notes: Part of the battlefield carnage.
17. יִכְשְׂלוּ (yikhshelu) — Root: כשׂל (kashal); Form: Qal imperfect 3mp; Translation: “they stumble”; Notes: Depicts soldiers tripping over bodies.
18. בִּגְוִיָּתָם (bi-geviyyatam) — Root: גוה (govah); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular + suffix 3mp; Translation: “over their carcasses”; Notes: Final image of total battlefield saturation.