מִבֶּ֨ן עֶשְׂרִ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ וָמַ֔עְלָה כָּל־יֹצֵ֥א צָבָ֖א בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל תִּפְקְד֥וּ אֹתָ֛ם לְצִבְאֹתָ֖ם אַתָּ֥ה וְאַהֲרֹֽן׃
From twenty years old and upward, everyone going out to the army in Yisra’el, you shall count them by their armies, you and Aharon.
Morphology
- מִבֶּ֨ן (mi-ben) – Root: בן (b-n); Form: Masculine singular noun with preposition; Translation: “From the age of”; Notes: Refers to the starting age for the census.
- עֶשְׂרִ֤ים (esrim) – Root: עשר (‘-s-r); Form: Masculine plural cardinal number; Translation: “Twenty”; Notes: Refers to the specified age.
- שָׁנָה֙ (shanah) – Root: שנה (sh-n-h); Form: Feminine singular noun; Translation: “Years”; Notes: Refers to years of age.
- וָמַ֔עְלָה (u-ma’lah) – Root: מעל (m-‘-l); Form: Conjunction + noun; Translation: “And upward”; Notes: Indicates ages above twenty years.
- כָּל־ (kol) – Root: כל (k-l); Form: Noun, construct; Translation: “Everyone”; Notes: Refers to inclusivity of individuals meeting the criteria.
- יֹצֵ֥א (yotse) – Root: יצא (y-ts-‘); Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “Going out”; Notes: Refers to those eligible for military service.
- צָבָ֖א (tsava) – Root: צבא (ts-v-‘); Form: Masculine singular noun; Translation: “Army”; Notes: Refers to military forces or service.
- בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל (be-Yisra’el) – Root: ישראל (y-s-r-‘l); Form: Proper noun with preposition; Translation: “In Yisra’el”; Notes: Refers to the nation of Israel.
- תִּפְקְד֥וּ (tifkedu) – Root: פקד (p-q-d); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “You shall count”; Notes: Refers to the action of taking a census.
- אֹתָ֛ם (otam) – Root: את (‘-t); Form: Direct object marker with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “Them”; Notes: Refers to the individuals being counted.
- לְצִבְאֹתָ֖ם (le-tsiv’otam) – Root: צבא (ts-v-‘); Form: Masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix and preposition; Translation: “By their armies”; Notes: Refers to organizing by military units.
- אַתָּ֥ה (attah) – Root: את (‘-t); Form: Pronoun, 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “You”; Notes: Refers to Moshe, the leader instructed to count.
- וְאַהֲרֹֽן (ve-Aharon) – Root: אהרן (‘-h-r-n); Form: Proper noun with conjunction; Translation: “And Aharon”; Notes: Refers to Moshe’s brother and assistant in leadership.