וַיֵּ֤רֶד הָעֲמָלֵקִי֙ וְהַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֔י הַיֹּשֵׁ֖ב בָּהָ֣ר הַה֑וּא וַיַּכּ֥וּם וַֽיַּכְּת֖וּם עַד־הַֽחָרְמָֽה׃
And the ʿAmaleqi and the Kenaʿani who lived in that hill country came down and struck them, and crushed them as far as Ḥorma.
Morphology
- וַיֵּ֤רֶד (vayyered) – Root: ירד (y-r-d); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “And he came down”; Notes: Refers to descending from a higher location.
- הָעֲמָלֵקִי֙ (ha-ʿAmaleqi) – Root: עמלק (ʿ-m-l-q); Form: Definite singular noun; Translation: “The Amalekite”; Notes: Refers to the Amalekite people.
- וְהַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֔י (ve-ha-Kenaʿani) – Root: כנען (k-n-ʿ-n); Form: Conjunction + definite singular noun; Translation: “And the Kenaʿanite”; Notes: Refers to the Canaanite people.
- הַיֹּשֵׁ֖ב (ha-yoshev) – Root: ישׁב (y-sh-v); Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “Who lived”; Notes: Describes their residence.
- בָּהָ֣ר (ba-har) – Root: הר (h-r); Form: Preposition + definite singular noun; Translation: “In the hill country”; Notes: Specifies their location.
- הַה֑וּא (ha-hu) – Root: הוא (h-w); Form: Definite demonstrative pronoun masculine singular; Translation: “That”; Notes: Refers to a specific hill country.
- וַיַּכּ֥וּם (vayyakkum) – Root: נכה (n-k-h); Form: Hifil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with vav-consecutive and 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “And they struck them”; Notes: Indicates a violent action.
- וַֽיַּכְּת֖וּם (vayyakketum) – Root: כתת (k-t-t); Form: Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with vav-consecutive and 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “And they crushed them”; Notes: Emphasizes destruction or breaking.
- עַד־הַֽחָרְמָֽה (ʿad-ha-Ḥormah) – Root: חרם (ḥ-r-m); Form: Preposition + definite singular noun; Translation: “As far as Ḥormah”; Notes: Indicates the extent of the action.