וְאִ֤ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יִטְמָא֙ וְלֹ֣א יִתְחַטָּ֔א וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא מִתֹּ֣וךְ הַקָּהָ֑ל כִּי֩ אֶת־מִקְדַּ֨שׁ יְהוָ֜ה טִמֵּ֗א מֵ֥י נִדָּ֛ה לֹא־זֹרַ֥ק עָלָ֖יו טָמֵ֥א הֽוּא׃
But the man who is unclean and does not purify himself, that soul shall be cut off from the midst of the assembly, because he has defiled the sanctuary of YHWH. The water of impurity has not been sprinkled on him; he is unclean.
Morphology
- וְאִ֤ישׁ (ve’ish) – Root: אנש (enosh); Form: Conjunction with noun, masculine singular; Translation: “But the man”; Notes: Refers to an individual subject to defilement.
- אֲשֶׁר־יִטְמָא֙ (asher-yitma) – Root: טמא (tame); Form: Relative pronoun with Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “who is unclean”; Notes: Describes the state of defilement.
- וְלֹ֣א (velo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Conjunction with negative particle; Translation: “and does not”; Notes: Negates the following verb.
- יִתְחַטָּ֔א (yitḥatta) – Root: חטא (chata); Form: Hitpael imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “purify himself”; Notes: Refers to ritual purification.
- וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה (venichretah) – Root: כרת (karat); Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person feminine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “shall be cut off”; Notes: Indicates exclusion from the community.
- הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ (hanefesh) – Root: נפש (nefesh); Form: Noun, feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “the soul”; Notes: Refers to the individual.
- הַהִ֖וא (hahi) – Root: הוא (hu); Form: Demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular; Translation: “that”; Notes: Specifies the soul in question.
- מִתֹּ֣וךְ (mitokh) – Root: תוך (tokh); Form: Preposition with noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “from the midst of”; Notes: Indicates separation from the community.
- הַקָּהָ֑ל (hakahal) – Root: קהל (qahal); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “the assembly”; Notes: Refers to the congregation of Israel.
- כִּי֩ (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “because”; Notes: Introduces the reason for the punishment.
- אֶת־מִקְדַּ֨שׁ (et-mikdash) – Root: קדש (qadash); Form: Direct object marker with noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “the sanctuary of”; Notes: Refers to the holy place of YHWH.
- יְהוָ֜ה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (havah); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenantal name of God.
- טִמֵּ֗א (timme) – Root: טמא (tame); Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he has defiled”; Notes: Refers to the act of desecration.
- מֵ֥י נִדָּ֛ה (mei niddah) – Root: מים (mayim) and נדד (nadad); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct with noun, feminine singular; Translation: “the water of impurity”; Notes: Refers to the water used for purification.
- לֹא־זֹרַ֥ק (lo-zorak) – Root: זרק (zarak); Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “was not sprinkled”; Notes: Refers to the absence of the purification ritual.
- עָלָ֖יו (alav) – Root: על (al); Form: Preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “on him”; Notes: Specifies the individual requiring purification.
- טָמֵ֥א (tame) – Root: טמא (tame); Form: Adjective, masculine singular; Translation: “unclean”; Notes: Describes the individual’s state of impurity.
- הֽוּא׃ (hu) – Root: הוא (hu); Form: Pronoun, masculine singular; Translation: “he is”; Notes: Emphasizes the unclean state of the person.