Numbers 35:33

וְלֹא־תַחֲנִ֣יפוּ אֶת־הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר אַתֶּם֙ בָּ֔הּ כִּ֣י הַדָּ֔ם ה֥וּא יַחֲנִ֖יף אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְלָאָ֣רֶץ לֹֽא־יְכֻפַּ֗ר לַדָּם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שֻׁפַּךְ־בָּ֔הּ כִּי־אִ֖ם בְּדַ֥ם שֹׁפְכֹֽו׃

And you shall not defile the land in which you dwell, for blood defiles the land, and the land cannot be atoned for the blood shed in it, except by the blood of the one who shed it.

 

Morphology

  1. וְלֹא־תַחֲנִ֣יפוּ (velo-taḥanifu) – Root: חנף (ḥnf); Form: Hifil imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “And you shall not defile”; Notes: Prohibits polluting the land.
  2. אֶת־הָאָ֗רֶץ (et-ha-aretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾrṣ); Form: Direct object marker with noun, feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “the land”; Notes: Refers to the promised land.
  3. אֲשֶׁ֤ר (asher) – Root: אשר (ʾshr); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause.
  4. אַתֶּם֙ (atem) – Root: אתם (ʾtm); Form: Pronoun, 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you”; Notes: Refers to the Israelites.
  5. בָּ֔הּ (bah) – Root: בוא (bwʾ); Form: Preposition with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “in it”; Notes: Refers to the land.
  6. כִּ֣י (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces a reason or explanation.
  7. הַדָּ֔ם (ha-dam) – Root: דם (dm); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “the blood”; Notes: Refers to spilled blood.
  8. ה֥וּא (hu) – Root: הוא (hwʾ); Form: Pronoun, 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “it”; Notes: Refers to blood.
  9. יַחֲנִ֖יף (yaḥanif) – Root: חנף (ḥnf); Form: Hifil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “defiles”; Notes: Indicates causing impurity.
  10. אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ (et-ha-aretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾrṣ); Form: Direct object marker with noun, feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “the land”; Notes: Specifies what is defiled.
  11. וְלָאָ֣רֶץ (ve-la-aretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾrṣ); Form: Conjunction with noun, feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “and for the land”; Notes: Indicates the land as the subject.
  12. לֹֽא־יְכֻפַּ֗ר (lo-yechuppar) – Root: כפר (kpr); Form: Pual imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “cannot be atoned”; Notes: Passive voice indicating inability to cleanse.
  13. לַדָּם֙ (la-dam) – Root: דם (dm); Form: Preposition with noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “for the blood”; Notes: Refers to atonement for spilled blood.
  14. אֲשֶׁ֣ר (asher) – Root: אשר (ʾshr); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces a subordinate clause.
  15. שֻׁפַּךְ־בָּ֔הּ (shuppakh-bah) – Root: שפך (shpk); Form: Pual perfect 3rd person masculine singular with preposition; Translation: “was shed in it”; Notes: Refers to blood spilled on the land.
  16. כִּי־אִ֖ם (ki-im) – Root: אם (ʾm); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “except”; Notes: Introduces an exception.
  17. בְּדַ֥ם (be-dam) – Root: דם (dm); Form: Preposition with noun, masculine singular; Translation: “by the blood”; Notes: Indicates the means of atonement.
  18. שֹׁפְכֹֽו׃ (shofkho) – Root: שפך (shpk); Form: Qal participle masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “of the one who shed it”; Notes: Refers to the perpetrator of the killing.

 

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