כִּֽי־קָרֹ֥וב יֹום־יְהוָ֖ה עַל־כָּל־הַגֹּויִ֑ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשִׂ֨יתָ֙ יֵעָ֣שֶׂה לָּ֔ךְ גְּמֻלְךָ֖ יָשׁ֥וּב בְּרֹאשֶֽׁךָ׃
For near is the day of YHWH upon all the nations; as you have done, it shall be done to you, your recompense shall return upon your head.
Morphology
- כִּֽי־ (ki) – Root: כי (k-y); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces the reason for the coming judgment.
- קָרֹ֥וב (qarov) – Root: קרב (q-r-b); Form: Adjective masculine singular; Translation: “near”; Notes: The day of YHWH is imminent.
- יֹום־ (yom) – Root: יום (y-w-m); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “day of”; Notes: Refers to the decisive day of divine action.
- יְהוָ֖ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (y-h-w-h); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant God of Yisraʾel.
- עַל־ (ʿal) – Root: על (ʿ-l); Form: Preposition עַל; Translation: “upon”; Notes: Indicates those who will experience the judgment.
- כָּל־ (kol) – Root: כל (k-l); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “all of”; Notes: Universal scope of the judgment.
- הַגֹּויִ֑ם (ha-goyim) – Root: גוי (g-w-y); Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the nations”; Notes: Refers to all foreign peoples.
- כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר (ka-asher) – Root: אשר (ʾ-sh-r); Form: Particle with prefix כְּ; Translation: “as / according to that which”; Notes: Introduces a comparison.
- עָשִׂ֨יתָ֙ (ʿasita) – Root: עשׂה (ʿ-s-h); Form: Qal perfect 2ms; Translation: “you have done”; Notes: Addresses Edom’s actions.
- יֵעָ֣שֶׂה (yeʿaseh) – Root: עשׂה (ʿ-s-h); Form: Nifal imperfect 3ms; Translation: “it shall be done”; Notes: Passive form emphasizing divine reciprocity.
- לָּ֔ךְ (lakh) – Root: ל (l); Form: Preposition לְ + suffix 2ms; Translation: “to you”; Notes: Directs the retribution back to Edom.
- גְּמֻלְךָ֖ (gemulkha) – Root: גמל (g-m-l); Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 2ms; Translation: “your recompense”; Notes: The payment or return for one’s deeds.
- יָשׁ֥וּב (yashuv) – Root: שׁוב (sh-w-b); Form: Qal imperfect 3ms; Translation: “shall return”; Notes: Describes retribution coming back upon Edom.
- בְּרֹאשֶֽׁךָ (be-roshekha) – Root: ראשׁ (r-ʾ-sh); Form: Preposition בְ + noun masculine singular + suffix 2ms; Translation: “upon your head”; Notes: Idiom for personal accountability and direct consequences.