Psalm 38:20 (Psalm 38:19)

וְֽ֭אֹיְבַי חַיִּ֣ים עָצֵ֑מוּ וְרַבּ֖וּ שֹׂנְאַ֣י שָֽׁקֶר׃

And my enemies are alive, they are strong, and those hating me falsely are many.

 

# Hebrew Transliteration Literal Gloss Morph Tag
1 וְאֹיְבַי ve-ʾoyevay “and my enemies” Conj + N(mp) + suff 1cs
2 חַיִּים ḥayyim “alive” Adj mp
3 עָצֵמוּ ʿatsemu “they are strong” Qal perfect 3mp
4 וְרַבּוּ ve-rabbu “and they are many” Conj + Qal perfect 3mp
5 שֹׂנְאַי śonʾay “those hating me” Qal participle mp + suff 1cs
6 שָׁקֶר shaqer “falsely” Adv/N

 

Morphology

  1. וְאֹיְבַי (ve-ʾoyevay) – Root: איב (ʾ-y-b); Root Type: I-Guttural (א); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine plural + suffix 1st person common singular; Translation: “and my enemies”; Notes: Hostile adversaries.
  2. חַיִּים (ḥayyim) – Root: חיה (ḥ-y-h); Root Type: III-He; Form: Adjective masculine plural; Translation: “alive”; Notes: Full of vitality.
  3. עָצֵמוּ (ʿatsemu) – Root: עצם (ʿ-ṣ-m); Root Type: I-Guttural (ע); Binyan: Qal; Form: Perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they are strong”; Notes: Strengthened condition.
  4. וְרַבּוּ (ve-rabbu) – Root: רבה (r-b-h); Root Type: III-He; Binyan: Qal; Form: Conjunction וְ + perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they are many”; Notes: Increase in number.
  5. שֹׂנְאַי (śonʾay) – Root: שׂנא (ś-n-ʾ); Root Type: III-Aleph; Binyan: Qal; Form: Participle masculine plural + suffix 1st person common singular; Translation: “those hating me”; Notes: Active hostility.
  6. שָׁקֶר (shaqer) – Root: שׁקר (š-q-r); Root Type: Strong; Form: Noun masculine singular used adverbially; Translation: “falsely”; Notes: Without cause or truth.

 

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