וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע אֲדֹנִיָּ֗הוּ וְכָל־הַקְּרֻאִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתֹּ֔ו וְהֵ֖ם כִּלּ֣וּ לֶאֱכֹ֑ל וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע יֹואָב֙ אֶת־קֹ֣ול הַשֹּׁופָ֔ר וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מַדּ֥וּעַ קֹֽול־הַקִּרְיָ֖ה הֹומָֽה׃
And Adoniyahu heard, and all the invited who were with him, when they had finished eating, and Yoʾav heard the sound of the shofar, and he said, “Why is the sound of the city in uproar?”
Morphology
- וַיִּשְׁמַע (va-yishmaʿ) – Root: שמע (shamaʿ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he heard”; Notes: Refers to Adoniyahu hearing the noise.
- אֲדֹנִיָּהוּ (Adoniyahu) – Root: אדני + יהו (Adoniyahu); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Adoniyahu”; Notes: Son of Dawid asserting kingship.
- וְכָל־הַקְּרֻאִים (ve-kol-ha-keruʾim) – Root: קרא (qaraʾ); Form: Passive participle masculine plural; Translation: “and all the invited”; Notes: Those invited to his feast.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Form: Relative particle; Translation: “who”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause.
- אִתּוֹ (itto) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “with him”; Notes: Refers to Adoniyahu’s companions.
- וְהֵם (ve-hem) – Form: Independent pronoun, masculine plural; Translation: “and they”; Notes: Subject of the next clause.
- כִּלּוּ (killu) – Root: כלה (kalah); Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they had finished”; Notes: Indicates completed action.
- לֶאֱכֹל (le-ekhol) – Root: אכל (ʾakhal); Form: Infinitive construct with preposition; Translation: “eating”; Notes: Object of “finished.”
- וַיִּשְׁמַע (va-yishmaʿ) – Root: שמע (shamaʿ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he heard”; Notes: Refers to Yoʾav.
- יֹואָב (Yoʾav) – Root: יואב (Yoʾav); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yoʾav”; Notes: Commander of Dawid’s army.
- אֶת־קֹול (et-qol) – Root: קול (qol); Form: Direct object marker + noun, masculine singular; Translation: “the sound”; Notes: Refers to the trumpet blast.
- הַשֹּׁופָר (ha-shofar) – Root: שופר (shofar); Form: Definite noun; Translation: “the shofar”; Notes: Horn used in coronation ceremonies.
- וַיֹּאמֶר (va-yomer) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he said”; Notes: Yoʾav responding to the sound.
- מַדּוּעַ (madduaʿ) – Root: ידע (yadaʿ); Form: Interrogative; Translation: “Why”; Notes: Introduces a question.
- קֹול־הַקִּרְיָה (qol-ha-qiryah) – Root: קול (qol), קריה (qiryah); Form: Construct noun + definite noun; Translation: “the sound of the city”; Notes: Source of the disturbance.
- הֹומָה (homah) – Root: המה (hamah); Form: Qal participle feminine singular; Translation: “in uproar”; Notes: Describes the city’s commotion.