וְהַיָּמִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר מָלַ֤ךְ דָּוִד֙ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אַרְבָּעִ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה בְּחֶבְרֹ֤ון מָלַךְ֙ שֶׁ֣בַע שָׁנִ֔ים וּבִירוּשָׁלִַ֣ם מָלַ֔ךְ שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים וְשָׁלֹ֖שׁ שָׁנִֽים׃
And the days that Dawid reigned over Yisraʾel were forty years: in Ḥevron he reigned seven years, and in Yerushalayim he reigned thirty and three years.
Morphology
- וְהַיָּמִ֗ים (ve-hayyamim) – Root: יום; Form: Conjunction + definite article + noun masculine plural; Translation: “And the days”; Notes: Temporal expression introducing the reign period.
- אֲשֶׁ֨ר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces a defining relative clause.
- מָלַ֤ךְ (malakh) – Root: מלך; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “reigned”; Notes: Main verb of the clause.
- דָּוִד֙ (Dawid) – Root: דוד; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Subject of the clause.
- עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל (ʿal-Yisraʾel) – Root: על, ישראל; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “over Yisraʾel”; Notes: Governs the domain of rule.
- אַרְבָּעִ֖ים (arbaʿim) – Root: ארבע; Form: Numeral, masculine plural; Translation: “forty”; Notes: Cardinal number modifying “years.”
- שָׁנָ֑ה (shanah) – Root: שנה; Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “year”; Notes: Appears in singular with numeral above ten.
- בְּחֶבְרֹ֤ון (be-Ḥevron) – Root: חברון; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “in Ḥevron”; Notes: Place name of Dawid’s initial reign.
- מָלַךְ֙ (malakh) – Root: מלך; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he reigned”; Notes: Repeated to describe separate reign periods.
- שֶׁ֣בַע (shevaʿ) – Root: שבע; Form: Numeral, feminine; Translation: “seven”; Notes: Agrees with feminine noun “years.”
- שָׁנִ֔ים (shanim) – Root: שנה; Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “years”; Notes: Explicit plural here for emphasis.
- וּבִירוּשָׁלִַ֣ם (u-vi-Yerushalayim) – Root: ירושלים; Form: Conjunction + preposition + proper noun; Translation: “and in Yerushalayim”; Notes: Second seat of Dawid’s reign.
- מָלַ֔ךְ (malakh) – Root: מלך; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he reigned”; Notes: Repeats for second duration of rule.
- שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים (sheloshim) – Root: שלוש; Form: Numeral, masculine plural; Translation: “thirty”; Notes: Part of compound numeral.
- וְשָׁלֹ֖שׁ (ve-shalosh) – Root: שלוש; Form: Conjunction + numeral feminine; Translation: “and three”; Notes: Combines with thirty to make thirty-three.
- שָׁנִֽים (shanim) – Root: שנה; Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “years”; Notes: Completes the duration expression.