וַתָּ֣רַע לַעֲשֹׂ֔ות מִכֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁר־הָי֣וּ לְפָנֶ֑יךָ וַתֵּ֡לֶךְ וַתַּעֲשֶׂה־לְּךָ֩ אֱלֹהִ֨ים אֲחֵרִ֤ים וּמַסֵּכֹות֙ לְהַכְעִיסֵ֔נִי וְאֹתִ֥י הִשְׁלַ֖כְתָּ אַחֲרֵ֥י גַוֶּֽךָ׃ ס
And you did more evil than all who were before you, and you walked and made for yourself other gods and molten images to provoke Me, and Me you have cast behind your back.
Morphology
- וַתָּ֣רַע (va-tāraʿ) – Root: רעע; Form: Qal wayyiqtol (waw-consecutive imperfect) 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “And you did evil”; Notes: Refers to morally corrupt or wicked actions; feminine singular form refers to the subject (likely a kingdom or a city).
- לַעֲשֹׂ֔ות (laʿăsōt) – Root: עשׂה; Form: Infinitive construct with preposition ל; Translation: “to do”; Notes: Expresses purpose or result of the previous action.
- מִכֹּ֖ל (mi-kol) – Root: כל; Form: Preposition מ with noun in construct; Translation: “more than all”; Notes: Indicates comparison.
- אֲשֶׁר־הָי֣וּ (ʾăsher-hāyū) – Root: היה; Form: Relative pronoun + Qal perfect 3rd person plural; Translation: “who were”; Notes: Refers to predecessors (kings or people).
- לְפָנֶ֑יךָ (le-fāneḵā) – Root: פנים; Form: Preposition ל + plural noun with 2ms suffix; Translation: “before you”; Notes: Spatial or temporal reference to predecessors.
- וַתֵּ֡לֶךְ (va-tēleḵ) – Root: הלך; Form: Qal wayyiqtol (waw-consecutive imperfect) 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “and you walked”; Notes: Often used metaphorically for behavior or conduct.
- וַתַּעֲשֶׂה־לְּךָ֩ (va-taʿăśeh-lekha) – Root: עשׂה; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 2fs + preposition ל with 2ms suffix; Translation: “and you made for yourself”; Notes: Indicates personal agency in crafting idols.
- אֱלֹהִ֨ים (ʾĕlōhīm) – Root: אלה; Form: Noun, masculine plural (plural of majesty or actual plural depending on context); Translation: “gods”; Notes: Refers to false gods in context.
- אֲחֵרִ֤ים (ʾaḥērīm) – Root: אחר; Form: Adjective, masculine plural; Translation: “other”; Notes: Refers to foreign or unauthorized gods.
- וּמַסֵּכֹות֙ (u-massēḵōt) – Root: נסך; Form: Noun, feminine plural with conjunction; Translation: “and molten images”; Notes: Carved or cast idols, often of metal.
- לְהַכְעִיסֵ֔נִי (lehaḵʿīsēnī) – Root: כעס; Form: Hiphil infinitive construct with 1cs suffix; Translation: “to provoke Me”; Notes: Expresses intentionality in the offense.
- וְאֹתִ֥י (ve-ʾōtī) – Root: את; Form: Direct object marker + 1cs suffix; Translation: “and Me”; Notes: Emphatic placement at start of clause.
- הִשְׁלַ֖כְתָּ (hishlaḵtā) – Root: שלך; Form: Hiphil perfect 2ms; Translation: “you have cast”; Notes: Strong expression of rejection.
- אַחֲרֵ֥י (ʾaḥărē) – Root: אחר; Form: Preposition; Translation: “after”; Notes: Indicates dismissal or disregard.
- גַוֶּֽךָ (gavveḵā) – Root: גו; Form: Noun, masculine singular with 2ms suffix; Translation: “your back”; Notes: Symbol of turning away or rejection.