וַיְהִי֩ כִשְׁמֹ֨עַ אַחְאָ֜ב אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֤ים הָאֵ֨לֶּה֙ וַיִּקְרַ֣ע בְּגָדָ֔יו וַיָּֽשֶׂם־שַׂ֥ק עַל־בְּשָׂרֹ֖ו וַיָּצֹ֑ום וַיִּשְׁכַּ֣ב בַּשָּׂ֔ק וַיְהַלֵּ֖ךְ אַֽט׃ ס
And it came to pass when Aḥav heard these words, that he tore his garments and put sackcloth upon his flesh and fasted, and he lay in sackcloth and walked softly.
Morphology
- וַיְהִי (va-yehi) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And it came to pass”; Notes: Introduces the narrative consequence of the previous prophecy.
- כִשְׁמֹעַ (kishmoaʿ) – Root: שמע (shamaʿ); Form: Preposition כְּ + infinitive construct; Translation: “when [he] heard”; Notes: Temporal clause setting the condition for Aḥav’s reaction.
- אַחְאָב (Aḥav) – Root: אחאב (Aḥav); Form: Proper noun masculine singular; Translation: “Aḥav”; Notes: Subject of the action.
- אֶת־הַדְּבָרִים (et-ha-devarim) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Accusative marker + definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the words”; Notes: Refers to the prophetic pronouncement against him.
- הָאֵלֶּה (ha-elleh) – Root: אלה (elleh); Form: Demonstrative pronoun masculine plural; Translation: “these”; Notes: Specifies which words were heard.
- וַיִּקְרַע (va-yiqraʿ) – Root: קרע (qaraʿ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he tore”; Notes: Traditional sign of mourning or extreme distress.
- בְּגָדָיו (begadav) – Root: בגד (beged); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his garments”; Notes: Refers to Aḥav’s clothing, indicating mourning.
- וַיָּשֶׂם (va-yasem) – Root: שׂים (sim); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he put”; Notes: Introduces a second sign of mourning.
- שַׂק (saq) – Root: שׂק (saq); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “sackcloth”; Notes: Coarse material worn during mourning or repentance.
- עַל־בְּשָׂרוֹ (ʿal-besaro) – Root: בשר (basar); Form: Preposition עַל + noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “upon his flesh”; Notes: Literal wearing of sackcloth against the body as an expression of humility.
- וַיָּצֹם (va-yatzom) – Root: צום (tzom); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he fasted”; Notes: Abstaining from food as a sign of repentance or sorrow.
- וַיִּשְׁכַּב (va-yishkav) – Root: שׁכב (shakab); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he lay”; Notes: Describes physical prostration in mourning.
- בַּשָּׂק (ba-saq) – Root: שׂק (saq); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “in sackcloth”; Notes: Reiterates the sackcloth as an outward sign of grief.
- וַיְהַלֵּךְ (va-yehalekh) – Root: הלך (halakh); Form: Piel wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he walked”; Notes: Piel form can suggest an intensified or mannered walking.
- אַט (aṭ) – Root: אט (aṭ); Form: Adverb; Translation: “softly” or “slowly”; Notes: Indicates humility, brokenness, and sorrowful demeanor.