וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֞ים נֶאֶסְפ֣וּ לְהִלָּחֵ֣ם עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל שְׁלֹשִׁ֨ים אֶ֤לֶף רֶ֨כֶב֙ וְשֵׁ֤שֶׁת אֲלָפִים֙ פָּרָשִׁ֔ים וְעָ֕ם כַּחֹ֛ול אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־שְׂפַֽת־הַיָּ֖ם לָרֹ֑ב וַֽיַּעֲלוּ֙ וַיַּחֲנ֣וּ בְמִכְמָ֔שׂ קִדְמַ֖ת בֵּ֥ית אָֽוֶן׃
And the Pelishtim gathered to fight against Yisraʾel, thirty thousand chariots and six thousand horsemen, and people like the sand that is on the seashore for multitude. And they came up and encamped in Mikhmash, east of Beit Aven.
Morphology
- וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֞ים (u-Pelishtim) – Root: פלשתי (Pelishti); Form: Conjunction with proper noun, plural; Translation: “And the Pelishtim”; Notes: Refers to the Philistines.
- נֶאֶסְפ֣וּ (neʾesfu) – Root: אסף (asaf); Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “were gathered”; Notes: Reflexive/passive action.
- לְהִלָּחֵ֣ם (lehillaḥem) – Root: לחם (laḥam); Form: Nifal infinitive construct; Translation: “to fight”; Notes: Reflexive/passive verb form.
- עִם־ (ʿim) – Root: עם (ʿim); Form: Preposition; Translation: “with”; Notes: Indicates accompaniment.
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun, singular; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the nation.
- שְׁלֹשִׁ֨ים (sheloshim) – Root: שלש (shalosh); Form: Cardinal number, masculine plural; Translation: “thirty”; Notes: Numerical quantity.
- אֶ֤לֶף (ʾelef) – Root: אלף (ʾelef); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “thousand”; Notes: Used as a numerical unit.
- רֶ֨כֶב (rekhev) – Root: רכב (rakhav); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “chariots”; Notes: Refers to war vehicles.
- וְשֵׁ֤שֶׁת (ve-sheshet) – Root: שש (shesh); Form: Cardinal number, masculine plural construct; Translation: “six”; Notes: Indicates a numerical quantity.
- אֲלָפִים֙ (ʾalafim) – Root: אלף (ʾelef); Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “thousands”; Notes: Refers to military units.
- פָּרָשִׁ֔ים (parashim) – Root: פרש (parash); Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “horsemen”; Notes: Cavalry troops.
- וְעָ֕ם (ve-ʿam) – Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “and people”; Notes: Refers to a multitude.
- כַּחֹ֛ול (ka-ḥol) – Root: חול (ḥol); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with preposition; Translation: “like the sand”; Notes: Simile for vast numbers.
- אֲשֶׁ֥ר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces relative clause.
- עַל־ (ʿal) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition; Translation: “on”; Notes: Indicates location.
- שְׂפַֽת־ (sefat) – Root: שפה (safah); Form: Noun, feminine singular construct; Translation: “shore of”; Notes: Refers to boundary.
- הַיָּ֖ם (ha-yam) – Root: ים (yam); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute with definite article; Translation: “the sea”; Notes: Refers to a large body of water.
- לָרֹ֑ב (la-rov) – Root: רוב (rov); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute with preposition; Translation: “for multitude”; Notes: Indicates abundance.
- וַֽיַּעֲלוּ֙ (vayyaʿalu) – Root: עלה (ʿalah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (sequential imperfect) 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they came up”; Notes: Sequential narrative.
- וַיַּחֲנ֣וּ (vayyaḥanu) – Root: חנה (ḥanah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they encamped”; Notes: Sequential action.
- בְּמִכְמָ֔שׂ (be-Mikhmash) – Root: מכמש (Mikhmash); Form: Proper noun, singular with preposition; Translation: “in Mikhmash”; Notes: Geographic location.
- קִדְמַ֖ת (qidmat) – Root: קדם (kedem); Form: Noun, feminine singular construct; Translation: “east of”; Notes: Indicates direction.
- בֵּ֥ית אָֽוֶן (Beit Aven) – Root: בית און (Beit Aven); Form: Proper noun, singular; Translation: “Beit Aven”; Notes: Geographic location.