כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָאֹ֔ות פָּקַ֕דְתִּי אֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֥ה עֲמָלֵ֖ק לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֥ם לֹו֙ בַּדֶּ֔רֶךְ בַּעֲלֹתֹ֖ו מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃
Thus says YHWH of Hosts, ‘I have noted what ʿAmaleq did to Yisraʾel, how he set against him in the way when he came up from Mitsrayim.
Morphology
- כֹּ֤ה (koh) – Root: כה (koh); Form: Adverb; Translation: “Thus”; Notes: Introduces a prophetic declaration.
- אָמַר֙ (ʾamar) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “says”; Notes: Standard prophetic introduction.
- יְהוָ֣ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun, divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The speaker.
- צְבָאֹ֔ות (tsevaʾot) – Root: צבא (tsavaʾ); Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “of Hosts”; Notes: Denotes YHWH’s authority over heavenly armies.
- פָּקַ֕דְתִּי (paqadti) – Root: פקד (paqad); Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I have noted”; Notes: Refers to divine attention or judgment.
- אֵ֛ת (ʾet) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct object marker; Translation: [untranslated]; Notes: Marks the object of the verb.
- אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֥ה (ʾasher-ʿasah) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “what he did”; Notes: Refers to past actions of Amaleq.
- עֲמָלֵ֖ק (ʿAmaleq) – Root: עמלק (ʿAmaleq); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Amaleq”; Notes: Subject of the clause.
- לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל (le-Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular, with preposition; Translation: “to Yisraʾel”; Notes: Indicates the recipient of Amaleq’s actions.
- אֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֥ם (ʾasher-sam) – Root: שם (sam); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “how he set”; Notes: Refers to Amaleq’s ambush.
- לֹו֙ (lo) – Root: לו (lo); Form: Pronoun, 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “against him”; Notes: Refers to Yisraʾel.
- בַּדֶּ֔רֶךְ (ba-derekh) – Root: דרך (derekh); Form: Noun, masculine singular, definite; Translation: “in the way”; Notes: Indicates location.
- בַּעֲלֹתֹ֖ו (baʿaloto) – Root: עלה (ʿalah); Form: Qal infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “when he came up”; Notes: Refers to Yisraʾel’s exodus.
- מִמִּצְרָֽיִם (mi-Mitsrayim) – Root: מצרים (Mitsrayim); Form: Proper noun, masculine dual, with preposition; Translation: “from Mitsrayim”; Notes: Refers to Egypt.