וְהָיָ֗ה בִּֽהְיֹ֤ות רֽוּחַ־אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל וְלָקַ֥ח דָּוִ֛ד אֶת־הַכִּנֹּ֖ור וְנִגֵּ֣ן בְּיָדֹ֑ו וְרָוַ֤ח לְשָׁאוּל֙ וְטֹ֣וב לֹ֔ו וְסָ֥רָה מֵעָלָ֖יו ר֥וּחַ הָרָעָֽה׃ פ
And it happened, when the Spirit of God was upon Shaʾul, that David took the lyre and played with his hand, and Shaʾul was relieved and felt better, and the evil spirit departed from him.
Morphology
- וְהָיָ֗ה (ve-hayah) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And it happened”; Notes: Introduces a circumstance.
- בִּֽהְיֹ֤ות (biheyot) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Infinitive construct; Translation: “When was”; Notes: Expresses temporal occurrence.
- רֽוּחַ־אֱלֹהִים֙ (ruaḥ-ʾElohim) – Root: רוח (ruaḥ) + אלהים (ʾElohim); Form: Noun, feminine singular construct + proper noun; Translation: “Spirit of God”; Notes: Indicates divine influence.
- אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל (el-Shaʾul) – Root: שאול (Shaʾul); Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “Upon Shaʾul”; Notes: Refers to King Shaʾul.
- וְלָקַ֥ח (ve-lakaḥ) – Root: לקח (lakaḥ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he took”; Notes: Refers to David’s action.
- דָּוִ֛ד (David) – Root: דוד (David); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “David”; Notes: Refers to David, son of Yishai.
- אֶת־הַכִּנֹּ֖ור (et-ha-kinnor) – Root: כינור (kinnor); Form: Definite direct object, masculine singular; Translation: “The lyre”; Notes: A stringed instrument.
- וְנִגֵּ֣ן (ve-niggen) – Root: נגן (nagan); Form: Piel wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he played”; Notes: Refers to musical performance.
- בְּיָדֹ֑ו (be-yado) – Root: יד (yad); Form: Noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “With his hand”; Notes: Indicates manual action.
- וְרָוַ֤ח (ve-ravaḥ) – Root: רוח (ruaḥ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he was relieved”; Notes: Expresses improvement.
- לְשָׁאוּל֙ (le-Shaʾul) – Root: שאול (Shaʾul); Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “For Shaʾul”; Notes: Refers to Shaʾul’s condition.
- וְטֹ֣וב (ve-tov) – Root: טוב (tov); Form: Adjective, masculine singular; Translation: “And good”; Notes: Indicates well-being.
- לֹ֔ו (lo) – Root: הוא (hu); Form: Preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “For him”; Notes: Indicates benefit.
- וְסָ֥רָה (ve-sarah) – Root: סור (sur); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “And it departed”; Notes: Refers to the evil spirit leaving.
- מֵעָלָ֖יו (meʿalav) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “From upon him”; Notes: Refers to the removal of distress.
- ר֥וּחַ הָרָעָֽה׃ (ruaḥ ha-raʿah) – Root: רוח (ruaḥ) + רע (raʿ); Form: Noun, feminine singular construct + adjective, feminine singular; Translation: “The evil spirit”; Notes: Describes the affliction.