וַיֵּ֨לְכ֜וּ שְׁלֹ֤שֶׁת בְּנֵֽי־יִשַׁי֙ הַגְּדֹלִ֔ים הָלְכ֥וּ אַחֲרֵי־שָׁא֖וּל לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וְשֵׁ֣ם שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת בָּנָ֗יו אֲשֶׁ֤ר הָלְכוּ֙ בַּמִּלְחָמָ֔ה אֱלִיאָ֣ב הַבְּכֹ֗ור וּמִשְׁנֵ֨הוּ֙ אֲבִ֣ינָדָ֔ב וְהַשְּׁלִשִׁ֖י שַׁמָּֽה׃
And the three eldest sons of Yishai went and followed Shaʾul to the battle, and the names of his three sons who went to the battle were: Eliʾav the firstborn, and his second, Avinadav, and the third, Shamma.
Morphology
- וַיֵּ֨לְכ֜וּ (vayyeleku) – Root: הלך (halakh); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “And they went”; Notes: Sequential past action.
- שְׁלֹ֤שֶׁת (sheloshet) – Root: שלש (shalosh); Form: Cardinal number, masculine construct; Translation: “three”; Notes: Refers to the number of sons.
- בְּנֵֽי־יִשַׁי֙ (benei-Yishai) – Root: בן (ben) + ישי (Yishai); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “the sons of Yishai”; Notes: Refers to Jesse’s sons.
- הַגְּדֹלִ֔ים (ha-gedolim) – Root: גדל (gadal); Form: Adjective, masculine plural with definite article; Translation: “the eldest”; Notes: Specifies age rank.
- הָלְכ֥וּ (halekhu) – Root: הלך (halakh); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they went”; Notes: Past action repetition.
- אַחֲרֵי־שָׁא֖וּל (aḥarei-Shaʾul) – Root: אחר (aḥar); Form: Preposition with proper noun; Translation: “after Shaʾul”; Notes: Indicates allegiance.
- לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה (la-milḥamah) – Root: לחם (laḥam); Form: Noun, feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “to the battle”; Notes: Indicates purpose.
- וְשֵׁ֣ם (ve-shem) – Root: שם (shem); Form: Noun, masculine singular with conjunction; Translation: “and the name”; Notes: Introduces a list.
- שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת (sheloshet) – Root: שלש (shalosh); Form: Cardinal number, masculine construct; Translation: “three”; Notes: Emphasizes the sons.
- בָּנָ֗יו (banav) – Root: בן (ben); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his sons”; Notes: Refers to Yishai’s sons.
- אֲשֶׁ֤ר (asher) – Root: אשר (asher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “who”; Notes: Introduces a clause.
- הָלְכוּ֙ (halekhu) – Root: הלך (halakh); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they went”; Notes: Past action.
- בַּמִּלְחָמָ֔ה (ba-milḥamah) – Root: לחם (laḥam); Form: Noun, feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “to the battle”; Notes: Indicates engagement.
- אֱלִיאָ֣ב (Eliʾav) – Root: אל (ʾel) + אב (ʾav); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Eliʾav”; Notes: Firstborn son.
- הַבְּכֹ֗ור (ha-bekhor) – Root: בכר (bakhar); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “the firstborn”; Notes: Indicates status.
- וּמִשְׁנֵ֨הוּ֙ (u-mishnehu) – Root: שנה (shaneh); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and his second”; Notes: Indicates birth order.
- אֲבִ֣ינָדָ֔ב (Avinadav) – Root: אב (ʾav) + נדב (nadav); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Avinadav”; Notes: Second son.
- וְהַשְּׁלִשִׁ֖י (ve-ha-shelishi) – Root: שלש (shalosh); Form: Adjective, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “and the third”; Notes: Indicates order.
- שַׁמָּֽה (Shammah) – Root: שמה (Shammah); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Shammah”; Notes: Third son.