וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ דָּוִד֙ מִשָּׁ֔ם וַיִּמָּלֵ֖ט אֶל־מְעָרַ֣ת עֲדֻלָּ֑ם וַיִּשְׁמְע֤וּ אֶחָיו֙ וְכָל־בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֔יו וַיֵּרְד֥וּ אֵלָ֖יו שָֽׁמָּה׃
And Dawid went from there and escaped to the cave of ʿAdullam. And his brothers and all his father’s house heard, and they went down to him there.
Morphology
- וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ (vayyēlek) – Root: הלך (hālak); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (sequential imperfect) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he went”; Notes: Sequential action.
- דָּוִד֙ (Dāwid) – Root: דוד (Dāwid); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Subject of the verb.
- מִשָּׁ֔ם (mishshām) – Root: שם (shām); Form: Preposition + adverb; Translation: “from there”; Notes: Indicates movement away.
- וַיִּמָּלֵ֖ט (vayyimmālēṭ) – Root: מלט (mālaṭ); Form: Nifal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he escaped”; Notes: Passive/reflexive.
- אֶל־מְעָרַ֣ת (ʾel-məʿārat) – Root: מערה (məʿārāh); Form: Preposition + noun, feminine singular construct; Translation: “to the cave of”; Notes: Indicates destination.
- עֲדֻלָּ֑ם (ʿAdullām) – Root: עדלם (ʿAdullām); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “ʿAdullam”; Notes: Place name.
- וַיִּשְׁמְע֤וּ (vayyishməʿū) – Root: שמע (shāmaʿ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “And they heard”; Notes: Sequential action.
- אֶחָיו֙ (ʾeḥāv) – Root: אח (ʾāḥ); Form: Noun, masculine plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his brothers”; Notes: Subject of the verb.
- וְכָל־בֵּ֣ית (wə-kol-bēt) – Root: בית (bāyit); Form: Conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “and all the house of”; Notes: Refers to the family.
- אָבִ֔יו (ʾāvīv) – Root: אב (ʾāv); Form: Noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his father”; Notes: Part of the construct phrase.
- וַיֵּרְד֥וּ (vayyērdū) – Root: ירד (yārad); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they went down”; Notes: Sequential movement.
- אֵלָ֖יו (ʾēlāw) – Root: אל (ʾel); Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to him”; Notes: Indicates direction.
- שָֽׁמָּה׃ (shāmmāh) – Root: שם (shām); Form: Adverb; Translation: “there”; Notes: Indicates place.