וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע שָׁא֔וּל כִּ֚י נֹודַ֣ע דָּוִ֔ד וַאֲנָשִׁ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתֹּ֑ו וְשָׁאוּל֩ יֹושֵׁ֨ב בַּגִּבְעָ֜ה תַּֽחַת־הָאֶ֤שֶׁל בָּֽרָמָה֙ וַחֲנִיתֹ֣ו בְיָדֹ֔ו וְכָל־עֲבָדָ֖יו נִצָּבִ֥ים עָלָֽיו׃
And Shaʾul heard that Dawid and the men who were with him had been discovered. Now Shaʾul was sitting in the Giveʿa under the tamarisk tree in Rama, with his spear in his hand, and all his servants standing around him.
Morphology
- וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע (vayyishmaʿ) – Root: שמע (shāmaʿ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (sequential imperfect) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he heard”; Notes: Introduces Shaʾul’s reaction.
- שָׁא֔וּל (Shaʾul) – Root: שאול (Shaʾul); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Shaʾul”; Notes: Subject of the verb.
- כִּ֚י (kī) – Root: כי (kī); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces the cause.
- נֹודַ֣ע (nōdaʿ) – Root: ידע (yādaʿ); Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “had been discovered”; Notes: Passive form indicating revelation.
- דָּוִ֔ד (Dāwid) – Root: דוד (Dāwid); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Subject of the clause.
- וַאֲנָשִׁ֖ים (wa-ʾănāshīm) – Root: אנש (ʾānash); Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “and the men”; Notes: Additional subject.
- אֲשֶׁ֣ר (ʾăsher) – Root: אשר (ʾăsher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “who”; Notes: Introduces a clause.
- אִתֹּ֑ו (ʾittō) – Root: את (ʾitt); Form: Preposition + pronoun, 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “were with him”; Notes: Indicates association.
- וְשָׁאוּל֩ (wə-Shaʾul) – Root: שאול (Shaʾul); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Now Shaʾul”; Notes: Introduces a narrative setting.
- יֹושֵׁ֨ב (yōshēv) – Root: ישב (yāshav); Form: Qal participle, masculine singular; Translation: “was sitting”; Notes: Describes an ongoing action.
- בַּגִּבְעָ֜ה (ba-Givʿāh) – Root: גבע (givʿāh); Form: Preposition + noun, feminine singular definite; Translation: “in the Givʿah”; Notes: Geographic location.
- תַּֽחַת־הָאֶ֤שֶׁל (taḥat-ha-ʾeshel) – Root: תחת (taḥat) + אשל (ʾeshel); Form: Preposition + noun, masculine singular definite; Translation: “under the tamarisk tree”; Notes: Specifies a location.
- בָּֽרָמָה֙ (ba-Rāmah) – Root: רמה (Rāmah); Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “in Ramah”; Notes: Geographic reference.
- וַחֲנִיתֹ֣ו (wa-ḥănītō) – Root: חנית (ḥănīt); Form: Noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and his spear”; Notes: Object in his possession.
- בְיָדֹ֔ו (bə-yādō) – Root: יד (yād); Form: Preposition + noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “in his hand”; Notes: Indicates possession.
- וְכָל־עֲבָדָ֖יו (wə-kol-ʿăvādāv) – Root: עבד (ʿéved); Form: Conjunction + noun, masculine plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and all his servants”; Notes: Subject of the next clause.
- נִצָּבִ֥ים (nitsāvīm) – Root: נצב (nātzav); Form: Nifal participle, masculine plural; Translation: “standing”; Notes: Continuous state.
- עָלָֽיו׃ (ʿālāw) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “around him”; Notes: Indicates proximity.