וַיַּעֲל֤וּ זִפִים֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל הַגִּבְעָ֖תָה לֵאמֹ֑ר הֲלֹ֣וא דָ֠וִד מִסְתַּתֵּ֨ר עִמָּ֤נוּ בַמְּצָדֹות֙ בַּחֹ֔רְשָׁה בְּגִבְעַת֙ הַֽחֲכִילָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר מִימִ֥ין הַיְשִׁימֹֽון׃
And the Zifim went up to Shaʾul at Giveʿa, saying, “Is not Dawid hiding among us in the strongholds in the forest, on the hill of Ḥakila, which is to the right of the Yeshimon?
Morphology
- וַיַּעֲל֤וּ (vayyaʿalu) – Root: עלה (ʿalah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “And they went up”; Notes: Indicates upward movement.
- זִפִים֙ (Zifim) – Root: זיף (Zif); Form: Proper noun, plural; Translation: “the Zifites”; Notes: Refers to the people of Zif.
- אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל (el-Shaʾul) – Root: שאול (Shaʾul); Form: Preposition with proper noun; Translation: “to Shaʾul”; Notes: Indicates direction.
- הַגִּבְעָ֖תָה (haggivʿatah) – Root: גבעה (givʿah); Form: Noun, feminine singular with definite article, directional heh; Translation: “to Givʿah”; Notes: Indicates the location.
- לֵאמֹ֑ר (lemor) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Infinitive construct; Translation: “saying”; Notes: Introduces direct speech.
- הֲלֹ֣וא (halo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Interrogative particle; Translation: “Is not”; Notes: Introduces a rhetorical question.
- דָ֠וִד (Dawid) – Root: דוד (Dawid); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Refers to King Dawid.
- מִסְתַּתֵּ֨ר (mistatter) – Root: סתר (satar); Form: Hitpael participle masculine singular; Translation: “hiding”; Notes: Reflexive form indicating continuous action.
- עִמָּ֤נוּ (ʿimmānu) – Root: עם (ʿim); Form: Preposition with 1st person plural suffix; Translation: “among us”; Notes: Denotes proximity.
- בַּמְּצָדֹות֙ (bametsadot) – Root: מצד (metsad); Form: Noun, masculine plural with definite article; Translation: “in the strongholds”; Notes: Refers to fortified places.
- בַּחֹ֔רְשָׁה (baḥorshah) – Root: חרש (ḥoresh); Form: Noun, feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “in the forest”; Notes: Indicates a wooded area.
- בְּגִבְעַת֙ (begivʿat) – Root: גבעה (givʿah); Form: Noun, feminine singular construct; Translation: “on the hill of”; Notes: Indicates location.
- הַֽחֲכִילָ֔ה (haḥakilah) – Root: חכילה (ḥakilah); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Ḥakilah”; Notes: A geographical location.
- אֲשֶׁ֖ר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces a clause.
- מִימִ֥ין (mimin) – Root: ימין (yamin); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “to the right of”; Notes: Directional reference.
- הַיְשִׁימֹֽון (hayeshimon) – Root: ישימון (yeshimon); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “the Yeshimon”; Notes: Refers to a desolate wilderness.