בִּשְׁנַת֙ שְׁתֵּ֣ים עֶשְׂרֵ֔ה לְאָחָ֖ז מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה מָ֠לַךְ הֹושֵׁ֨עַ בֶּן־אֵלָ֧ה בְשֹׁמְרֹ֛ון עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל תֵּ֥שַׁע שָׁנִֽים׃
In the twelfth year of Aḥaz king of Yehuda, Hoshea son of Ela reigned in Shomeron over Yisraʾel nine years.
Morphology
- בִּשְׁנַת (bi-shenat) – Root: שׁנה (shanah); Form: Preposition בְּ + construct form noun feminine singular; Translation: “In the year of”; Notes: Construct form connects to the number that follows.
- שְׁתֵּים (shteim) – Root: שׁנים (shnayim); Form: Number, feminine dual; Translation: “two”; Notes: Feminine form used due to agreement with “year”.
- עֶשְׂרֵה (ʿesreh) – Root: עשר (ʿeser); Form: Number, feminine; Translation: “ten”; Notes: Combined with “two” to form “twelve”.
- לְאָחָז (le-Aḥaz) – Root: אחז (Aḥaz); Form: Preposition לְ + proper noun masculine singular; Translation: “of Aḥaz”; Notes: Indicates to whom the regnal year pertains.
- מֶלֶךְ (melekh) – Root: מלך (melekh); Form: Noun masculine singular in apposition; Translation: “king”; Notes: Clarifies Aḥaz’s title.
- יְהוּדָה (Yehudah) – Root: יהודה (Yehudah); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yehudah”; Notes: The southern kingdom.
- מָלַךְ (malakh) – Root: מלך (malakh); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “reigned”; Notes: Marks the beginning of Hoshea’s reign.
- הֹושֵׁעַ (Hoshea) – Root: ישע (yashaʿ); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Hoshea”; Notes: Last king of Yisraʾel.
- בֶּן־אֵלָה (ben-Elah) – Root: בן (ben) + אֵלָה (Elah); Form: Construct noun + proper noun; Translation: “son of Elah”; Notes: Genealogical identifier.
- בְשֹׁמְרֹון (be-Shomeron) – Root: שׁמרון (Shomeron); Form: Preposition בְּ + proper noun; Translation: “in Shomeron”; Notes: Capital of the northern kingdom Yisraʾel.
- עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵל (ʿal-Yisraʾel) – Root: על (ʿal) + ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Preposition עַל + proper noun; Translation: “over Yisraʾel”; Notes: Indicates dominion.
- תֵּשַׁע (teshaʿ) – Root: תשע (teshaʿ); Form: Number, feminine; Translation: “nine”; Notes: Refers to the duration of the reign.
- שָׁנִים (shanīm) – Root: שׁנה (shanah); Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “years”; Notes: Standard plural for time durations.