עָלָ֣יו עָלָ֔ה שַׁלְמַנְאֶ֖סֶר מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֑וּר וַֽיְהִי־לֹ֤ו הֹושֵׁ֨עַ֙ עֶ֔בֶד וַיָּ֥שֶׁב לֹ֖ו מִנְחָֽה׃
Against him came up Shalmanʾeser king of Ashshur, and Hoshea became his servant and brought him tribute.
Morphology
- עָלָיו (ʿalav) – Root: על (ʿalah); Form: Preposition עַל + third person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “against him”; Notes: Indicates direction of aggression or hostility.
- עָלָה (ʿalah) – Root: עלה (ʿalah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “came up”; Notes: Refers to military or political advance.
- שַׁלְמַנְאֶסֶר (Shalmanʾeser) – Root: Akkadian name; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Shalmanʾeser”; Notes: Assyrian king; name left untranslated.
- מֶלֶךְ (melekh) – Root: מלך (melekh); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “king”; Notes: Standard title of rulership.
- אַשּׁוּר (Ashshur) – Root: אשׁור (Ashshur); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Ashshur”; Notes: Refers to the Assyrian empire.
- וַיְהִי־לֹו (va-yehi-lo) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine singular + preposition לְ with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and became to him”; Notes: Common idiom for entering into servitude or relationship.
- הֹושֵׁעַ (Hoshea) – Root: ישע (yashaʿ); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Hoshea”; Notes: King of Yisraʾel during Assyrian expansion.
- עֶבֶד (ʿeved) – Root: עבד (ʿavad); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “servant”; Notes: Denotes vassal status or political submission.
- וַיָּשֶׁב (va-yashev) – Root: שׁוב (shuv); Form: Hiphil wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he brought”; Notes: Hiphil stem expresses causative action—he caused tribute to return or paid tribute.
- לֹו (lo) – Root: ל (le); Form: Preposition לְ + third person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to him”; Notes: Refers to Shalmanʾeser.
- מִנְחָה (minḥah) – Root: מנח (manach); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “tribute”; Notes: Gift, offering, or imposed payment by a vassal to a superior.