וַיַּשְׁכִּ֣ימוּ בַבֹּ֔קֶר וְהַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ זָרְחָ֣ה עַל־הַמָּ֑יִם וַיִּרְא֨וּ מֹואָ֥ב מִנֶּ֛גֶד אֶת־הַמַּ֖יִם אֲדֻמִּ֥ים כַּדָּֽם׃
And they rose early in the morning, and the sun shone upon the water, and Moʾav saw the water from opposite them, red as blood.
Morphology
- וַיַּשְׁכִּ֣ימוּ (va-yashkimu) – Root: שׁכם (shakam); Form: Hifil wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “And they rose early”; Notes: Typically used of an early military or purposeful rising.
- בַבֹּ֔קֶר (va-bboqer) – Root: בקר (boqer); Form: Preposition + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the morning”; Notes: Time reference.
- וְהַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ (ve-ha-shemesh) – Root: שמש (shemesh); Form: Conjunction + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “and the sun”; Notes: Subject of the following verb.
- זָרְחָ֣ה (zarchah) – Root: זרח (zarach); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “shone”; Notes: Feminine to agree with “sun” (שֶׁמֶשׁ).
- עַל־הַמָּ֑יִם (ʿal-ha-mayim) – Root: על + מים; Form: Preposition + definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “upon the water”; Notes: Indicates location of the sunlight.
- וַיִּרְא֨וּ (va-yirʾu) – Root: ראה (raʾah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they saw”; Notes: Refers to the Moʾavites observing.
- מֹואָ֥ב (Moʾav) – Root: מואב; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Moʾav”; Notes: The nation responding to what they saw.
- מִנֶּ֛גֶד (min-neged) – Root: נגד; Form: Preposition; Translation: “from opposite”; Notes: Indicates they viewed it from across.
- אֶת־הַמַּ֖יִם (et-ha-mayim) – Root: מים; Form: Accusative marker + definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the water”; Notes: Direct object of the verb “saw.”
- אֲדֻמִּ֥ים (adummim) – Root: אדם (ʾadam); Form: Adjective masculine plural; Translation: “red”; Notes: Describes the appearance of the water.
- כַּדָּֽם (ka-dam) – Root: דם; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “as blood”; Notes: Comparison indicating deception or illusion.