וְכָל־מֹואָב֙ שָֽׁמְע֔וּ כִּֽי־עָל֥וּ הַמְּלָכִ֖ים לְהִלָּ֣חֶם בָּ֑ם וַיִּצָּעֲק֗וּ מִכֹּ֨ל חֹגֵ֤ר חֲגֹרָה֙ וָמַ֔עְלָה וַיַּעַמְד֖וּ עַֽל־הַגְּבֽוּל׃
And all Moʾav heard that the kings had come up to fight against them, and they cried out, every one girded with a belt and upwards, and they stood at the border.
Morphology
- וְכָל־מֹואָב֙ (ve-kol Moʾav) – Root: כל + מואב; Form: Conjunction + noun construct + proper noun; Translation: “and all Moʾav”; Notes: Refers collectively to the nation of Moʾav.
- שָֽׁמְע֔וּ (shamʿu) – Root: שמע (shamaʿ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “heard”; Notes: Moʾav heard about the advancing kings.
- כִּֽי־עָל֥וּ (ki-ʿalu) – Root: עלה (ʿalah); Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “that had come up”; Notes: Indicates military movement.
- הַמְּלָכִ֖ים (ha-melakhim) – Root: מלך; Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the kings”; Notes: Refers to the kings of Yisraʾel, Yehudah, and Edom.
- לְהִלָּ֣חֶם (le-hillakhem) – Root: לחם (lakham); Form: Nifal infinitive construct; Translation: “to fight”; Notes: Purpose clause, indicates intent of invasion.
- בָּ֑ם (bam) – Root: ב + הם; Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “against them”; Notes: Refers to the people of Moʾav.
- וַיִּצָּעֲק֗וּ (va-yitsʿaqu) – Root: צעק (tsaʿaq); Form: Nifal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they cried out”; Notes: Reaction to perceived threat.
- מִכֹּ֨ל חֹגֵ֤ר חֲגֹרָה֙ (mi-kol ḥoger ḥagorah) – Root: חגר (ḥagar); Form: Preposition + noun construct + participle + noun; Translation: “every one girded with a belt”; Notes: Refers to those prepared for battle.
- וָמַ֔עְלָה (u-maʿlah) – Root: מעלה; Form: Conjunction + adverb; Translation: “and upwards”; Notes: Possibly referring to age or rank from that level upward.
- וַיַּעַמְד֖וּ (va-yaʿamdu) – Root: עמד (ʿamad); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they stood”; Notes: Took a defensive or ready position.
- עַֽל־הַגְּבֽוּל (ʿal-ha-gevul) – Root: גבול; Form: Preposition + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “at the border”; Notes: Refers to the frontier where defense was staged.