2 Kings 8:20

בְּיָמָיו֙ פָּשַׁ֣ע אֱדֹ֔ום מִתַּ֖חַת יַד־יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיַּמְלִ֥כוּ עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם מֶֽלֶךְ׃

In his days Edom rebelled from under the hand of Yehuda, and they caused a king to reign over them.

Morphology

1. בְּיָמָיו (be-yamav) – Root: יום; Form: Preposition + masculine plural noun with 3ms suffix; Translation: “In his days”; Notes: Temporal setting, referring to the king mentioned earlier.
2. פָּשַׁע (pashaʿ) – Root: פשע; Form: Qal perfect 3ms; Translation: “rebelled”; Notes: Describes political rebellion or revolt.
3. אֱדֹום (ʾEdom) – Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Edom”; Notes: Refers to the nation under Yehudah’s control until this revolt.
4. מִתַּחַת (mi-taḥat) – Root: תחת; Form: Preposition with prefix mem; Translation: “from under”; Notes: Indicates loss of subjugation.
5. יַד־יְהוּדָה (yad-Yehudah) – Root: יד, יהודה; Form: Construct noun + proper noun; Translation: “the hand of Yehudah”; Notes: Symbolizes power or dominion.
6. וַיַּמְלִכוּ (va-yamlikhu) – Root: מלך; Form: Hifil wayyiqtol 3cp; Translation: “and they caused to reign”; Notes: Indicates Edom appointing a king for themselves.
7. עֲלֵיהֶם (ʿaleihem) – Root: על; Form: Preposition + 3mp suffix; Translation: “over them”; Notes: Refers to Edom placing a king over themselves.
8. מֶלֶךְ (melekh) – Root: מלך; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “a king”; Notes: The one whom Edom enthroned in their rebellion.