הָרֵ֣י בַגִּלְבֹּ֗עַ אַל־טַ֧ל וְאַל־מָטָ֛ר עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם וּשְׂדֵ֣י תְרוּמֹ֑ת כִּ֣י שָׁ֤ם נִגְעַל֙ מָגֵ֣ן גִּבֹּורִ֔ים מָגֵ֣ן שָׁא֔וּל בְּלִ֖י מָשִׁ֥יחַ בַּשָּֽׁמֶן׃
O mountains of Gilboʿa, let there be no dew nor rain upon you, nor fields of offerings! For there the shield of the mighty was defiled, the shield of Shaʾul, not anointed with oil.
Morphology
- הָרֵ֣י (harei) – Root: הר; Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “O mountains”; Notes: Refers to the mountains of Gilboa.
- בַגִּלְבֹּ֗עַ (ba-Gilboaʿ) – Root: גלבע; Form: Proper noun with preposition; Translation: “of Gilboa”; Notes: The site of Shaʾul’s defeat.
- אַל־טַ֧ל (ʾal-tal) – Root: טל; Form: Negative particle + noun; Translation: “let there be no dew”; Notes: A curse upon the mountains.
- וְאַל־מָטָ֛ר (veʾal-matar) – Root: מטר; Form: Conjunction + negative particle + noun; Translation: “nor rain”; Notes: Further intensifies the curse.
- עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם (ʿaleikhem) – Root: על; Form: Preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “upon you”; Notes: Directs the curse at the mountains.
- וּשְׂדֵ֣י תְרוּמֹ֑ת (usdei terumot) – Root: שדה, תרומה; Form: Conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct + noun, feminine plural absolute; Translation: “nor fields of offerings”; Notes: Refers to fertile fields used for offerings.
- כִּ֣י (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “For”; Notes: Introduces the reason for the curse.
- שָׁ֤ם (sham) – Root: שם; Form: Adverb; Translation: “there”; Notes: Indicates location.
- נִגְעַל֙ (nigʿal) – Root: נגל; Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “was defiled”; Notes: Implying dishonor.
- מָגֵ֣ן גִּבֹּורִ֔ים (magen gibborim) – Root: מגן, גבור; Form: Noun, masculine singular construct + noun, masculine plural absolute; Translation: “the shield of the mighty”; Notes: Symbolizing warriors.
- מָגֵ֣ן שָׁא֔וּל (magen Shaʾul) – Root: מגן; Form: Noun, masculine singular construct + proper noun; Translation: “the shield of Shaʾul”; Notes: Specifically referring to Shaʾul.
- בְּלִ֖י (beli) – Root: בלי; Form: Preposition; Translation: “without”; Notes: Expresses lack.
- מָשִׁ֥יחַ בַּשָּֽׁמֶן׃ (mashiʾaḥ ba-shemen) – Root: משח; Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute + noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “anointed with oil”; Notes: Refers to shields being treated with oil to maintain flexibility.