וַיָּ֣בֹא הֵלֶךְ֮ לְאִ֣ישׁ הֶֽעָשִׁיר֒ וַיַּחְמֹ֗ל לָקַ֤חַת מִצֹּאנֹו֙ וּמִבְּקָרֹ֔ו לַעֲשֹׂ֕ות לָאֹרֵ֖חַ הַבָּא־לֹ֑ו וַיִּקַּ֗ח אֶת־כִּבְשַׂת֙ הָאִ֣ישׁ הָרָ֔אשׁ וַֽיַּעֲשֶׂ֔הָ לָאִ֖ישׁ הַבָּ֥א אֵלָֽיו׃
And a traveler came to the rich man, and he was unwilling to take from his own flock and from his own herd to prepare for the guest who had come to him; so he took the poor man’s ewe lamb and prepared it for the man who had come to him.”
Morphology
- וַיָּ֣בֹא (vayyavo) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he came”; Notes: Refers to the arrival of the traveler.
- הֵלֶךְ (helekh) – Root: הלך (halakh); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “a traveler”; Notes: Someone passing through or journeying.
- לְאִ֣ישׁ (le-ish) – Root: אישׁ (ish); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “to a man”; Notes: Refers to the rich man.
- הֶֽעָשִׁיר (he-ʿashir) – Root: עשר (ʿashar); Form: Definite article + adjective masculine singular; Translation: “the rich”; Notes: Specifies the man previously mentioned.
- וַיַּחְמֹ֗ל (vayyaḥmol) – Root: חמל (ḥamal); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he was unwilling” or “he spared”; Notes: Often translated idiomatically as “refused” in this context.
- לָקַ֤חַת (laqakhat) – Root: לקח (laqach); Form: Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “to take”; Notes: Complements the verb “he spared.”
- מִצֹּאנֹו (mi-tzono) – Root: צאן (tson); Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “from his flock”; Notes: Possessive suffix refers to the rich man.
- וּמִבְּקָרֹ֔ו (u-mi-beqaro) – Root: בקר (baqar); Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and from his herd”; Notes: Reinforces his wealth.
- לַעֲשֹׂ֕ות (laʿasot) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Infinitive construct with preposition; Translation: “to prepare”; Notes: Purpose clause.
- לָאֹרֵ֖חַ (la-oreach) – Root: ארח (arach); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “for the guest”; Notes: Refers to the traveler.
- הַבָּא־לֹ֑ו (ha-ba-lo) – Roots: בוא (bo), ל (le); Form: Definite article + participle masculine singular + preposition + suffix; Translation: “who had come to him”; Notes: Participial phrase modifying “guest.”
- וַיִּקַּ֗ח (vayyiqqaḥ) – Root: לקח (laqach); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he took”; Notes: The main action of injustice.
- אֶת־כִּבְשַׂת (et-kivsat) – Root: כבשׂ (kivsah); Form: Direct object marker + noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “the ewe lamb of”; Notes: The object taken.
- הָאִ֣ישׁ (ha-ish) – Root: אישׁ (ish); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the man”; Notes: Refers to the poor man.
- הָרָ֔אשׁ (ha-rash) – Root: רושׁ (rash); Form: Definite adjective masculine singular; Translation: “the poor”; Notes: Apposition to “the man.”
- וַֽיַּעֲשֶׂ֔הָ (vayyaʿaseha) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “and he prepared it”; Notes: Refers to the lamb.
- לָאִ֖ישׁ (la-ish) – Root: אישׁ (ish); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “for the man”; Notes: Refers to the traveler.
- הַבָּ֥א אֵלָֽיו (ha-ba elav) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Definite article + participle masculine singular + preposition + suffix; Translation: “who had come to him”; Notes: Reinforces the action’s recipient.