וַתְּהִ֨י הַתְּשֻׁעָ֜ה בַּיֹּ֥ום הַה֛וּא לְאֵ֖בֶל לְכָל־הָעָ֑ם כִּֽי־שָׁמַ֣ע הָעָ֗ם בַּיֹּ֤ום הַהוּא֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר נֶעֱצַ֥ב הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ עַל־בְּנֹֽו׃
And the victory on that day became mourning for all the people, because the people heard on that day, saying, “The king is grieved over his son.”
Morphology
- וַתְּהִי (vatt’hi) – Root: היה; Form: Wayyiqtol Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular; Translation: “And it became”; Notes: Refers to transformation of the event.
- הַתְּשֻׁעָה (ha-teshuʿah) – Root: ישׁע; Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the victory” / “the deliverance”; Notes: The military success.
- בַּיֹּום (ba-yom) – Root: יום; Form: Preposition + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “on the day”; Notes: Time indicator.
- הַהוּא (ha-hu) – Root: הוא; Form: Demonstrative pronoun masculine singular; Translation: “that”; Notes: Specifies the particular day.
- לְאֵבֶל (le-ʾevel) – Root: אבל; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “for mourning”; Notes: Indicates result or transformation.
- לְכָל־הָעָם (le-khol ha-ʿam) – Root: כל, עם; Form: Preposition + noun in construct + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “for all the people”; Notes: Universal impact on the nation.
- כִּי (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “because”; Notes: Introduces causal clause.
- שָׁמַע (shamaʿ) – Root: שׁמע; Form: Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular; Translation: “heard”; Notes: Refers to the people’s awareness.
- הָעָם (ha-ʿam) – Root: עם; Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the people”; Notes: Subject of the verb “heard.”
- בַּיֹּום הַהוּא (ba-yom ha-hu) – Root: יום, הוא; Form: Preposition + noun + demonstrative pronoun; Translation: “on that day”; Notes: Repeated for emphasis.
- לֵאמֹר (leʾmor) – Root: אמר; Form: Preposition + Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “saying”; Notes: Introduces reported speech.
- נֶעֱצַב (neʿetsav) – Root: עצ”ב; Form: Nifal perfect 3rd masculine singular; Translation: “is grieved” / “has become distressed”; Notes: Describes the king’s emotional state.
- הַמֶּלֶךְ (ha-melekh) – Root: מלך; Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the king”; Notes: Subject of the passive verb.
- עַל־בְּנֹו (ʿal-beno) – Root: בן; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix; Translation: “over his son”; Notes: Refers to his mourning for Avshalom.