וַתִּגְעַשֶׁ וַתִּרְעַשׁ֙ הָאָ֔רֶץ מֹוסְדֹ֥ות הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם יִרְגָּ֑זוּ וַיִּֽתְגָּעֲשׁ֖וּ כִּֽי־חָ֥רָה לֹֽו׃
Then the earth shook and trembled; the foundations of the heavens quaked and were shaken, because He was angry.
Morphology
- וַתִּגְעַשׁ (vattigʿash) – Root: געשׁ (gaʿash); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “and it shook”; Notes: Refers to violent movement, with feminine subject “haʾaretz” (the earth).
- וַתִּרְעַשׁ (vattirʿash) – Root: רעשׁ (raʿash); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “and trembled”; Notes: Parallel verb to emphasize seismic upheaval.
- הָאָרֶץ (ha-aretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾaretz); Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the earth”; Notes: Subject of the two previous verbs.
- מוֹסְדוֹת (mosdōt) – Root: יסד (yasad); Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “foundations”; Notes: Symbolic of stability and structure.
- הַשָּׁמַיִם (ha-shamayim) – Root: שׁמים (shamayim); Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the heavens”; Notes: Often used in parallel with the earth in cosmic descriptions.
- יִרְגָּזוּ (yirgazu) – Root: רגז (ragaz); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they quaked”; Notes: Refers to the heavens’ trembling response.
- וַיִּתְגָּעֲשׁוּ (vayyitgaʿashu) – Root: געשׁ (gaʿash); Form: Hitpael wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they were shaken”; Notes: Reflexive/intensive form emphasizing internal turmoil.
- כִּי (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “because”; Notes: Introduces the reason for the cosmic disturbance.
- חָרָה (ḥarah) – Root: חרה (ḥarah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “was angry”; Notes: Describes divine wrath.
- לוֹ (lo) – Root: ל (le) + הוא (hu); Form: Preposition + pronoun 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He”; Notes: Refers to YHWH as the one who is angry.