וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל־הַגִּבְעֹנִ֔ים מָ֥ה אֶעֱשֶׂ֖ה לָכֶ֑ם וּבַמָּ֣ה אֲכַפֵּ֔ר וּבָרְכ֖וּ אֶת־נַחֲלַ֥ת יְהוָֽה׃
And Dawid said to the Giveʿonim, “What shall I do for you, and with what shall I make atonement, that you may bless the inheritance of YHWH?”
Morphology
- וַיֹּ֤אמֶר (vayyomer) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (consecutive imperfect) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he said”; Notes: Standard narrative form in biblical Hebrew indicating past tense sequence.
- דָּוִד֙ (Dawid) – Root: דוד (Dawid); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Personal name of the king of Yisraʾel.
- אֶל־הַגִּבְעֹנִ֔ים (el-ha-Givʿonim) – Root: גבעון (Givʿon); Form: Preposition with definite article and proper gentilic noun, masculine plural; Translation: “to the Givʿonim”; Notes: Refers to the inhabitants of Givʿon, a group of non-Yisraʾelite people under treaty.
- מָ֥ה (mah) – Root: מה (mah); Form: Interrogative pronoun; Translation: “What”; Notes: Introduces a direct question.
- אֶעֱשֶׂ֖ה (eʿeseh) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Qal imperfect 1st person common singular; Translation: “shall I do”; Notes: Expresses future or modal action.
- לָכֶ֑ם (lakhem) – Root: אתם (ʾatem); Form: Preposition with 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “for you”; Notes: Refers to the Givʿonim.
- וּבַמָּ֣ה (u-va-mah) – Root: מה (mah); Form: Conjunction with preposition and interrogative pronoun; Translation: “and with what”; Notes: Continuation of the question in a compound structure.
- אֲכַפֵּ֔ר (ʾakhapper) – Root: כפר (kafar); Form: Piel imperfect 1st person common singular; Translation: “shall I make atonement”; Notes: Piel form intensifies the action; used for making reconciliation.
- וּבָרְכ֖וּ (u-varəkhu) – Root: ברך (barakh); Form: Conjunction with Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “that they may bless”; Notes: Expresses desired result or purpose, coordinating with prior verb.
- אֶת־נַחֲלַ֥ת (et-naḥalat) – Root: נחלה (naḥalah); Form: Definite direct object marker with construct noun, feminine singular; Translation: “the inheritance of”; Notes: Construct form governing the following noun (YHWH).
- יְהוָֽה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (hwh); Form: Proper noun, divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The personal name of the God of Yisraʾel, traditionally rendered as LORD.