וְאֵ֛לֶּה דִּבְרֵ֥י דָוִ֖ד הָאַֽחֲרֹנִ֑ים נְאֻ֧ם דָּוִ֣ד בֶּן־יִשַׁ֗י וּנְאֻ֤ם הַגֶּ֨בֶר֙ הֻ֣קַם עָ֔ל מְשִׁ֨יחַ֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב וּנְעִ֖ים זְמִרֹ֥ות יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
And these are the last words of Dawid: the utterance of Dawid son of Yishai, and the utterance of the man raised up on high, the anointed of the God of Yaʿaqov, and the sweet singer of songs of Yisraʾel.
Morphology
- וְאֵלֶּה (veʾelleh) – Root: אלה (ʾeleh); Form: Conjunction + demonstrative pronoun masculine plural; Translation: “And these”; Notes: Introduces a new section or declaration.
- דִּבְרֵי (divrei) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “words of”; Notes: Construct chain connecting to the next noun.
- דָוִד (Dawid) – Root: דוד (Dawid); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Refers to King David, son of Yishai.
- הָאַחֲרֹנִים (haʾaḥaronim) – Root: אחר (ʾaḥar); Form: Definite article + adjective masculine plural; Translation: “the last”; Notes: Refers to final sayings or declarations.
- נְאֻם (neʾum) – Root: נאם (naʾam); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “utterance” or “oracle”; Notes: Often introduces prophetic or solemn declarations.
- דָּוִד בֶּן־יִשַׁי (Dawid ben-Yishai) – Root: דוד (Dawid), ישי (Yishai); Form: Proper nouns; Translation: “Dawid son of Yishai”; Notes: Standard way to identify Dawid by his lineage.
- וּנְאֻם (u-neʾum) – Root: נאם (naʾam); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and the utterance”; Notes: Repetition for emphasis or poetic parallelism.
- הַגֶּבֶר (ha-gever) – Root: גבר (gever); Form: Definite article + noun masculine singular; Translation: “the man”; Notes: Highlights the speaker’s human nature.
- הֻקַם (huqam) – Root: קום (qum); Form: Hophal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “was raised up”; Notes: Passive causative form—elevated or exalted.
- עָל (ʿal) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition (used here adverbially); Translation: “on high” or “above”; Notes: Implies elevation to kingship or honor.
- מְשִׁיחַ (meshiaḥ) – Root: משׁח (mashaḥ); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “anointed”; Notes: Refers to one consecrated by God, typically a king.
- אֱלֹהֵי (Elohei) – Root: אלה (ʾeloah); Form: Construct masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “God of”; Notes: Construct with “Yaʿaqov” that follows.
- יַעֲקֹב (Yaʿaqov) – Root: יעקב (Yaʿaqov); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yaʿaqov”; Notes: Patriarchal name, symbolic of the nation Yisraʾel.
- וּנְעִים (u-neʿim) – Root: נעם (naʿam); Form: Conjunction + adjective masculine singular; Translation: “and pleasant” or “sweet”; Notes: Refers to aesthetic or emotional beauty.
- זְמִרֹות (zemirot) – Root: זמר (zamar); Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “songs”; Notes: Refers to lyrical praises, possibly Psalms.
- יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: The nation or people of Israel.