2 Samuel 22:48

הָאֵ֕ל הַנֹּתֵ֥ן נְקָמֹ֖ת לִ֑י וּמֹורִ֥יד עַמִּ֖ים תַּחְתֵּֽנִי׃

The God who gives vengeance to me, and brings down peoples beneath me.

Morphology

1. הָאֵל (ha-El) – Root: אל (ʾEl); Form: Definite article + noun masculine singular; Translation: “The Mighty One” or “God”; Notes: A title emphasizing strength and power.
2. הַנֹּתֵן (hannoten) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Definite article + Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “who gives”; Notes: Describes God’s continuous action.
3. נְקָמֹת (neqamot) – Root: נקם (naqam); Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “vengeances” or “acts of vengeance”; Notes: Plural of intensity—retributive justice.
4. לִי (li) – Root: ל (le); Form: Preposition with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “to me” or “for me”; Notes: Indicates the recipient of vengeance granted by God.
5. וּמֹורִיד (u-morid) – Root: ירד (yarad); Form: Conjunction + Hifil participle masculine singular; Translation: “and brings down”; Notes: Causative action—God subdues or humbles nations.
6. עַמִּים (ʿammim) – Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “peoples” or “nations”; Notes: Refers to foreign nations subdued by divine power.
7. תַּחְתֵּנִי (taḥteni) – Root: תחת (taḥat); Form: Preposition with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “beneath me”; Notes: Indicates subjugation or placement under one’s authority.