2 Samuel 23:4

וּכְאֹ֥ור בֹּ֖קֶר יִזְרַח־שָׁ֑מֶשׁ בֹּ֚קֶר לֹ֣א עָבֹ֔ות מִנֹּ֥גַהּ מִמָּטָ֖ר דֶּ֥שֶׁא מֵאָֽרֶץ׃

And like the light of morning, the sun shall shine—morning without clouds; from brightness, from rain—grass from the earth.

Morphology

1. וּכְאֹור (u-keʾor) – Root: אור (ʾor); Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and like the light”; Notes: Introduces a simile comparing what follows to morning light.
2. בֹּקֶר (boqer) – Root: בקר (baqar); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “morning”; Notes: Specifies the type of light referenced in the simile.
3. יִזְרַח (yizraḥ) – Root: זרח (zaraḥ); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “it shines” or “it shall shine”; Notes: Describes the action of the sun.
4. שָׁמֶשׁ (shemesh) – Root: שמש (shemesh); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “sun”; Notes: Subject of the verb “yizraḥ.”
5. בֹּקֶר (boqer) – Root: בקר (baqar); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “morning”; Notes: Repetition for poetic emphasis—emphasizing clarity or a specific time.
6. לֹא (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negates the adjective that follows.
7. עָבֹות (ʿavot) – Root: עבב (ʿavav); Form: Adjective masculine plural; Translation: “cloudy”; Notes: Describes a morning without cloudiness—clear and bright.
8. מִנֹּגַהּ (minnogah) – Root: נגה (nogah); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “from its brightness”; Notes: Likely refers to the light of the sun or morning.
9. מִמָּטָר (mimmatar) – Root: מטר (matar); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “from rain”; Notes: Rain as a cause of growth in the next phrase.
10. דֶּשֶׁא (desheʾ) – Root: דשא (desheʾ); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “grass”; Notes: Refers to vegetation that springs forth from the rain and light.
11. מֵאָרֶץ (meʾaretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾaretz); Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “from the earth”; Notes: Indicates the origin of the vegetation mentioned.